This might be old news to you, but it took me a while to discover after I started using OS X:
Cmd-Tab switches between applications (as I'm sure everyone knows), but it's less useful on OS X than Ctrl-Tab is on Windows or Linux because it doesn't switch between individual windows in those applications.
Cmd-Tilde (~) was the missing link for me. It switches between windows in the current application. Those two are probably the most important keyboard shortcuts I know on OS X.
Plus, another endorsement for Quicksilver. That's always the first application I install, and I now find it really frustrating to use any computer that doesn't have it installed.
And maybe you should set your Dock to auto-hide, so you're not so tempted to move the mouse over there to monkey with things.
And after Cmd-Tab, Cmd-~ takes you backwards in the list of apps. So if you Cmd-Tab too many times, Cmd-~ takes you back instead of having to cycle through.
Likewise, in Safari Cmd-} (aka Cmd-Shift-]) and Cmd-{ take you forward and backward through the tabs. This also works in Terminal.
Cmd-L puts the focus on the location bar in Safari if you want to type in a URL (or tab over to the search)
Quicksilver is cool, but I just use Spotlight for launching apps. Cmd-Space turns on Spotlight.
If you use TextMate, I highly recommend the TextMate book from Prag Press.
Only had a MBP for a few days (first Mac), but isn't Safari tab-cycling also via Ctrl-Tab, and Ctrl-Shift-Tab to go in reverse? At least on the laptop keyboard, involving the square brackets would necessitate a fairly long stretch, or using both hands?
Being new to the Mac, I'd be happy to hear more shortcuts!
An interesting thing about osx shortcuts is that you can change almost all of them with system prefs -> keyboard -> keyboard shortcuts. (for programs individually and for the whole system)
It seems you haven’t noticed that there is a Command key both to the left and to the right of the keyboard, so Command-[ and -] are pretty easy to do one-handed if you use the Command key on the right. I think Ctrl-Tab is just there for compatibility with Windows browsers that use that as their main tab-switching shortcut.
Oops! I use my left hand for keyboard shortcuts while the right hand is occupied with the mouse so didn't even think to look for Command or Option on the right side!
Just enable on Triggers, I set Shift-Ctrl-Cmd-V, and then I can use 1-9 to paste any of the 9 most recent clipboard items. I can use the mouse to select any of the most recent 250 clipboard items.
Check out jumpcut too. It has a mode to pop up a bezel where you can keyboard your way through the various copy/paste buffers you've used. I use quicksilver, but I also run jumpcut just for its paste buffers.
+1 for Jumpcut - I tried Quicksilver clipboard history and found it slowed my whole machine down. Jumpcut has really good keyboard shortcut support, too.
In OpenOffice spreadsheet, Command-Tilde toggles between it evaluating your formulas as you expect and it displaying the formulas in the cells. If you don't know this, it can be very confusing to figure out what happened after you hit Command-Tilde out of habit trying to switch windows.
I use Witch (http://manytricks.com/witch/) which can you can setup to use alt/option-tab for window switching. This switches correctly, as in, with the same behavior as Cmd-Tab (LRU list). It is not free, but very handy.
I'm a ruby/php developer who works on a Macbook Pro 9 hours a day and I've learned to work w/o a mouse. Took a while to get used to, but now I keep my mouse in my desk drawer and only pull it out if someone borrows my computer.
First it starts with the setup. At work I have an external monitor and keyboard. I keep my MBP to the right so I can use the touch pad here and there when I can't use the keyboard for certain things.
Here are some tips/programs/plugins I use:
1) Vim (not macvim) and screen - This dynamic duo is the greatest invention. I recommend it to anyone who has the time to learn. Once you do, you'll never go back.
2) Vimperator - Firefox plugin - This one has changed my browsing experience for the better. Once you learn all the commands you'll be flying through pages.
3) Remap your CAPSLOCK key to ESC - Once you start using vim and vimperator, the esc key becomes more useful. I remapped my CASPLOCK key to ESC so its quicker to reach. I used the program called PCKeyboardHack.
4) Learn your keyboard shortcuts.
6) Try to replace programs you use often with console versions. For example I dont use any gui programs to access databases. Diffs/text search/file searches are all done through command line.
7) Spotlight - I don't use Dock, sometimes I forget its even there. I would disable it if I could.
8) pbcopy - command line program that you can use to copy to your gui clipboard. Try piping contents of a file to it. Becomes very handy.
Most of my day I spend using Vimperator and Terminal. So it's easier for me to not have to use a mouse.
For vim and many other old programs ctrl+[ is equal to escape. So what I've done is map caps to control which lets me easily hit things like ctrl+c, ctrl+u or when needed escape. Mac also comes with a program that can map caps->ctrl in the keyboard section of system preferences.
> Spotlight - I don't use Dock, sometimes I forget its even there. I would disable it if I could.
While my replacement isn't spotlight (I just use Proxi with a bunch of switch-directly-to-application-X hotkeys), I don't use the Dock either and would disable it if I could do so easily, without losing Dashboard, Spaces, and everything else that runs as part of the Dock process. (Although I actually still use command-M and Witch to minimize and unminimize windows to & from the Dock via the keyboard.)
In Tiger there was a nice hidden preference that allowed you to put it at the top of the screen, under the menu bar, where it would only come out if you really wanted it to (because the mouseover activation row was only one pixel tall and not at the top edge of the screen but rather the bottom edge of the menu bar), and was thus effectively pretty much disabled. Sadly, that option disappeared in Leopard. The best alternative I've found so far is to make the Dock really really tiny -- you can make it smaller than the System Preferences GUI will let you via 'defaults':
After going back and forth between Quicksilver and Launchbar for a while, I eventually settled on Launchbar because I found it to be a bit faster. I think Quicksilver is more powerful, but I never really used the additional capabilities so it ended up being a pretty easy choice for me.
Even after Spotlight was added to OS X, I stuck with Launchbar because it takes a few less keystrokes for many tasks and it has search templates (so searching Google, a dictionary, or a thesaurus requires only a few keystrokes). Quicksilver can also do something similar, I'm not sure about the other options.
I'd like to add that you can control the Dock with the keyboard as well. You need to enable it in System Preferences, and by default the keycomby is really stupid, but I mapped it to ctrl+cmd+space. You can even navigate stacks with it. For me works better than Spotlight.
Also, you probably wouldn't use the Dashboard, which _can_ be disabled.
I'm not trying to besnarky, but why even use a MAC. It seems like Linux is a better fit and less expensive. MAC is really about the UI, and if you don't take advantage of that you are just left with an almost Unix environment.
Not to pile on, but It's "Mac", short for Macintosh. MAC is, as far as I can think, only for Media Access Control (as in MAC address).
That said, my first thought for the low barrier to no-mouse would be Linux as well, but as others have said there is more to OSX than just a pretty face.
Considering the time most of us spend on a computer, the cost differences between a Mac and a PC are negligible over the lifetime of the purchase, people should use what they prefer and what they're most productive with.
A $300 to $500 difference over two or three years of primary usage is probably a difference of pennies per hour of usage, and that's assuming that you won't waste more time maintaining a Windows or Linux install and that you're equally productive on each OS, which generally isn't the case.
A common misconception about the OSX UI is that its main virtue is visual. For me, an equally-prominent virtue is the far-superior ability to control it using the keyboard and a universal scripting framework (applescript/automator). No linux WM that I know of has such a unified UI paradigm.
I'd say try becoming ambidextrous with the mouse, and switch hands every month or so.
And under Keyboard -> Keyboard Shortcuts make sure Full Keyboard Access is on 'All Controls' so you can focus/select buttons with tab.
Also, make that useless Caps Lock key into Ctrl :)
Ctrl+F2 = Access Menu bar
Ctrl+F3 = Access Dock
I will give someone 1 american dollar if they can tell me how to get menu bar selections to wrap back around to the top when I get to the bottom of the menu.
EDIT - the magic mouse has been fantastic for eliminating the need for precise clicking when scrolling - that swipe to scroll feature is amazing, especially in tabular apps like Sequel Pro and Excel.
I did the same thing (full keyboard access and Caps Lock=>Ctrl), so I don't have much to add.
For your question, I just noticed you can use Page Up/Down to go to the top/bottom of the menu.
Is there a way to select which functions keys should work as function keys and which one work as the Apple special keys (Exposé, volume control…)? The reason I ask is that I always found it inconvenient to use shortcuts like Ctrl+F2 because I have to move my hand much more to get to the fn key. But at the same time, Exposé is too useful to be left behind it.
I'm not sure if this helps in your particular case, but I believe some of Exposé's functions are mapped to four-fingered multitouch swipe gestures on the touchpad (up and down).
It's interesting that you mention the magic mouse. I switched to a Mac about 2 months ago and can't believe how uncomfortable the magic mouse is. Apple understand aesthetics but obviously haven't a clue about ergonomics. I've reverted to my 10 year old Logitech trackball although I do miss the fast smooth scrolling of the magic mouse.
Any suggestions for a better trackball or did all innovation cease 10 years ago?
Not quite a trackball, but apple released a separate track pad not that long ago. There are two input devices that Apple does way better than most - keyboards and trackpads. Magic mouse was a complete disaster, unfortunately.
I'm not sure if trackpads have the same ergonomic properties as a trackball. It's possible but I might wait and see if any research or anecdotal evidence emerges
Chalk me up for anecdotally noticing a huge improvement when switching to the touchpad.
It's worth noting that the Apple trackpad is not only way bigger than a laptop's touchpad, it's also angled so you're not resting your hand on its edge. Also, if you've never used an Apple touchpad on a recent Macbook/Pro (the ones that are glass instead of plastic), you'll probably be surprised at how good the accuracy/tracking. They're much better quality than the Synaptics touchpads that are common in PCs.
I find myself supporing my fingers over my Magic Trackpad, which is tiring. At the very least I have to raise all my fingers except the ones I want to use in a gesture.
My other preferred device is a thumb-ball trackball. I have a logitech trackman, and the discontinued one from Microsoft. I find those much more comfortable, if a bit problematic for high precision. I just wish I could get a bluetooth one.
I have all of the input devices mentioned in this thread, and cannot find anything to compare to the old Kensington "Expert Mouse" track balls, with the heavy ball the size of a billiards ball, a scroll wheel around it, and 4 buttons.
The ball's diameter allows pinpoint accuracy when needed, the weight allows a flick with momentum to carry the cursor across two 30" screens, the scroll wheel is under your ring finger for simultaneous use.
That said, the recent magic trackpad is growing on me.
Visor http://visor.binaryage.com/ hasn't been mentioned but it's how you should be opening and running your terminal.
Turn on and spend a few minutes learning the keyboard shortcuts in GMail if you use it (conveniently, they map nicely to vi). This alone probably has saved me days of mousing, plus it can make ripping through your inbox kind of fun.
I also strongly second vimperator (the only reason I'm still using Firefox) and sizeUp.
Finally, just try unplugging your mouse occasionally to see how you're doing and what is still causing you to reach for it. Then sharpen the saw :)
There's a lot of excellent advice here. Beyond keyboard shortcuts, there's a universe of options to help combat RSI. Here are some of the things I do:
1) Posture. You want your eyes to be on the same plane as your screen so your back and neck are straight. You want your elbows to be be bent at around a 90-degree angle--that helps keep your wrists straight. And you want your shoulders to be relaxed, not hunched.
2) Breaks. Both long and short. I used to use software for this, specifically AntiRSI for Mac. I think I did an 8 minute break every 52 minutes and a 30 second break 5 minutes or so. Now that I've built up better habits I don't use this software anymore.
3) A good chair. My favorite is the Swopper. It's quite expensive, though--around $600 I think. Right now I have standing desk and no chair. I like this set up even better than sitting on an ergonomic chair.
4) A good keyboard. I like "clicky" keyboards in the vein of the old IBM Model M. I use a DAS Keyboard. Costs around $100. It's not ergonomic per se, but the mechanical keyswitches provide great feedback so you can reduce your keystroke pressure to just the right level.
5) Physical therapy aids. I use Theraputty during my microbreaks. It's like silly putty, only it comes in various levels of resistance. I like green, which is medium-firm. Costs like $5 on Amazon. Some people also use the colored rubber bands, but that's more for elbow and shoulder work and my RSI is all in the wrist/hand.
6) Other activities. Rock climbing has very nearly cured my RSI. When I climb regularly my hands, wrists, and forearms are strong enough that keyboarding can't touch them.
I suspect fighting RSI is like fighting obesity (though I only have the former so I can't be sure): it's all about building good habits. There's no magic bullet and you can't simply cure it and be done. It's an always on-going process. Hope this helps. Good luck!
I second climbing. I have been climbing consistently for over two years and have never had a bout of wrist tendonitis like I used to. My wrists sometimes get uncomfortable if I am stuck in an awkward position for long (e.g. typing like a bunny) but I generally have no more pain.
I find Quicksilver to be absolutely essential to my OS X keyboarding, http://www.blacktree.com/quicksilver
I always disable the spotlight trigger and assign Quicksilver to the oh-so-easy command-space trigger.
Try it! It's faster than spotlight and vastly more extensible.
Get a launcher app. Quicksilver has long been a favorite of Mac users, but I'm much more fond of a newcomer called Alfred (http://www.alfredapp.com/). There are a few others, as well.
The idea is to extend the command-line metaphor to parts of OS X where a regular shell isn't useful, and most such tools provide a whole lot of functionality besides just launching apps.
I've dealt with RSI too, so I have a few years experience trying to minimize mouse use.
Other people have talked about the main keyboard shortcuts -- Command-Tab, Command-Tilde, and Control-F2. Make these second nature. Also, of course, learn the keyboard commands for your most-used applications. You can add and change many keyboard shortcuts in the Keyboard preferences pane in System Preferences. Make liberal use of this to make the commands you use most often the easiest to remember and invoke.
I used Quicksilver devotedly for years, but it became much less stable with Snow Leopard. It may be better now that it's under more active open-source development, but I'm happy with LaunchBar. Certainly one of those two (or Butler, or Alfred, or there's probably others) will allow you to perform basic filesystem tasks (launching, opening, moving, copying, duplicating, opening a document with a specific application, etc. etc.) with a few quick key commands.
A general suggestion: Don't try to learn every single keyboard shortcut all at once -- it'll never work. Instead, figure out the single most common reason you're reaching for the mouse, and replace that with a keyboard method. Once that's second nature, repeat the process. You'll be surprised at how quickly you can learn this way.
Use shell scripting, AppleScript, Automator, Keyboard Maestro, and/or Hazel to simplify anything you do repeatedly. Once you've reduced mouse use, you can use these tools to reduce keyboard use as well!
After getting my MacBook Pro, I knew I couldn't go back to a regular mouse again unless I could use a multi-touch trackpad on it. I had no plans of buying a desktop Mac at all until the new trackpad was released this summer. I got one a couple of weeks ago and find it works perfectly.
I had to disable pinch-to-scale with mine. All too often I'd be reading something in the Xcode documentation window, and a slight, inadvertent movement of my fingers would cause the text to get really big or really small.
Otherwise, consider getting a trackpad / trackball for when you have to use the mouse. Or even using your mouse with your left hand (my brother does this).
My pleasure. One more tip - try switching mice from time to time. I used to use a MS mouse at home and a Razer mouse at the office to reduce strain - different shapes reduced problems. The Razer you control with your fingers, palm on the desk, while the MS mouse I had in my palm, moving my whole hand. Using both every day reduced strain :)
When you're working/coding you should never have to use the mouse, except for say, positioning windows, etc.
Use the Keyboard Preferences to add or change shortcuts for your most-used commands. This can be done system-wide or on a per-application basis.
For example, give the "Access Menu Bar" command a better shortcut, such as Option+Space; give Window Zoom a shortcut (I use command+control+Z), etc.
In your most-used apps, explore the menu bar to see what keyboard shortcuts are already available, learn them, assign shortcuts for commands you use the most.
And make sure the software you write can also be navigated using the keyboard, assign thoughtful keyboard shortcuts, etc.
It lets you move, resize, and tile windows easily with just the keyboard, and you get a better Cmd-Tab that switches by window (though unfortunately it binds to Alt-Tab by default, and I haven't figured out how to override that).
+1 for divvy, especially if you switch back and forth between an external monitor and the laptop display at different resolutions. I have a ton of app-hotkeys setup to resize everything to the aspect ratio I like after swapping resolutions.
While not 100% perfect, nor supported by every app in Mac OS X, you can enable voice commands under "Speech" in System Preferences. This will allow you to do certain things without touching your mouse or keyboard (minus a "listen" hot key)!
Your Mac will need a mic of course (most have them built in, except for Mini and Pro desktops I believe...).
Also consider trying Zooom2 (http://www.coderage-software.com/zooom/). It's all about moving/resizing a window with the trackpad and a key combination. I can't live without it.
One really simple thing that was driving me crazy was when an app pops up a dialog with buttons. Coming from Linux and Windows, where you can tab between the buttons and just hit enter to click the selected button, I was shocked that Mac doesn't do this.
Turns out, Enter always fires the default button that's colored blue (e.g. Save), but you have to hit Space to fire the button that's highlighted (i.e. just outlined in blue).
That simple revelation has prevented me from defenstrating my MBP in a fit of pique.
I'd add two points to the excellent comments above. My RSI was aggravated by use of the mouse. I found that using a trackpad with tap-to-click enabled helped significantly. But even more important was moving all of my informational surfing, twittering, emailing, etc. to the iPad. That probably accounted for a couple hours of computer use a day. Perhaps I'll come down with "iPad wrist" in the future, but for now the different gesture patterns don't trigger the RSI pain.
A lot of great tips here. I tried hard to get used to things, but I always felt that I was fighting the Mac window manager. I now have Virtualbox running Linux on my Mac. In full screen mode it is the same as running Linux. I use Xmonad, a tiling window manager with great support for keyboard shortcuts.
My other pain point was that Mac doesn't have autocopy, although I am not sure if that is good or bad for your RSI.
This shortcut is genius. In TextMate for example, you can type the first few letters of a project and open it near instantly if it's still in your recently opened list. It's one of my biggest productivity differentiators in OS X. You should all try it.
I think it's enabled by default on Snow Leopard (not on Leopard). You'll find it under Setting > Keyboard > Keyboard Shortcuts > Application Shortcuts > Show Help menu.
Not exactly what you're asking for, but I found the only thing that "cured" RSI for me was push ups. Check out http://hundredpushups.com/ and give it a shot for a few weeks, I'll bet you see a difference. I struggled with RSI for years before hitting on it.
A great tip: Hit command and then space afterwards. This will drop down the spotlight search box where you can quickly launch applications. For example I will hit command, space and then type Term<enter> which will auto complete to Terminal.
"MouseClick is an ergonomic software that will click the mouse for you. The software assists in the recovery and prevention of Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI).”
I use the wacom bamboo. Its intended for graphic designers but its also very ergonomically and fun to use, and apparently their newer models act just like the mac trackpad too. I also do baoding ball exercises
I’ve enabled “Simultaneous Key Presses” which allow me to use F+H/J/K/L instead of arrow keys. It takes a little getting used to, but I find myself hardly ever needing to leave the keyboard.
Cmd-Tab switches between applications (as I'm sure everyone knows), but it's less useful on OS X than Ctrl-Tab is on Windows or Linux because it doesn't switch between individual windows in those applications.
Cmd-Tilde (~) was the missing link for me. It switches between windows in the current application. Those two are probably the most important keyboard shortcuts I know on OS X.
Plus, another endorsement for Quicksilver. That's always the first application I install, and I now find it really frustrating to use any computer that doesn't have it installed.
And maybe you should set your Dock to auto-hide, so you're not so tempted to move the mouse over there to monkey with things.