We built the Opera Mini server infrastructure based on Pike, starting back in 2004-2005 with a team that initially mostly came from the Roxen/Spinner days (a separate company). I started working there in 97, and I was kinda late to the party - it started out in 93/94.
I still miss working with this language. It just makes so much sense to me.
The way I think of it is as a quite a lot more performant version of Python with a C-like syntax and a much more consistently designed - while still very rich - standard library.
The downside is of course that compared to Python, Pike is now almost completely unknown. The ecosystem is tiny, etc. We really sucked at marketing the language in the early critical days and then after a while kind of gave up and focused on using it to build commercial systems instead.
In the excellent GOPL book [1], there's a part called "The Origins of Go" in the Preface that lists languages which had an influence on Go (there's an accompanying diagram). You can see this part of the book (including the aforementioned diagram) in the official sample at [2] (page xii).
The languages are: ALGOL 60, Pascal, Modula-2, Oberon, Object Oberon, Oberon-2, CSP, Squeak, Newsqueak, Alef, and C.
[1] The Go Programming Language, by Alan A. A. Donovan and Brian W. Kernighan
https://www.gopl.io/
Thanks for the information, But is the book still relevant today? Since Go has relatively very fast iteration cycle it now has lot more tricks than it did in 2015; Some of them default to other programming languages like 'sort'.
I was sort of curious about how active this community is.
- News sidebar: 2022, 2022, 2021. So it’s not dead.
- “Development”. Stuff about policies and getting write access. Taking legal action if you violate the LICENSE. Wait, do they use Subversion? No they use Git.
- Where’s the repo? A page about read-write access. Doesn’t seem like I can get simply read access. (A HTTPS link is more convenient for me for read access, which is how I access all Git repositories which aren’t owned by any of my online accounts.)
- Forum is a mailing list. You can subscribe. No web archive apparently.
- There is a graph of lines of code added/deleted every week “since it first became version controlled” (Highcharts). It’s empty.
- There’s some heading “Contributors with a Github account” with nothing beneath it.
I won’t criticize an apparently university-managed homepage for any of this. But what am I supposed to learn from it in this context? Is this perhaps yet another “remember this, fellow in-the-knowers?” HN submission?
Nah, it's more of a "I wonder what folks have to say about this rarely-mentioned project" HN submission.
For the repo, I found that the Development page has a tab (at top left, doesn't really look like a tab, so easy to miss) named "GIT". That page has links to what looks like a self-hosted GitLab, as well as a GitHub mirror.
The module system is quite interesting - basically, every unit of compilation (Pike seems to use a file for this purpose) is loadable and treatable as-a-class (Pike calls classes `Program`s):
yes, that is one of the interesting aspects of pike (and also LPC). in difference to java which requires class boilerplate in each file, pike just takes the file name as the class name and the functions and variables inside as the class definition.
as a beginner i learned to use inheritance simply for composition, and i didn't even realize that this was supposed to be object oriented programming. it only hit me a few years later when i realized how roxen handled requests and managed modules. i literally woke up one morning and "got" object oriented programming.
btw: generally i remember calling the source class, and the compiled objects program
I have fond memories of learning Pike and Roxen as a kid by perusing the Stellar Crisis source code (released, 1993!) I think there's still some servers around today. https://strategywiki.org/wiki/Stellar_Crisis
Yeah, in that same year I was using "LPC" in an LPMUD called "Lost Souls". I think that's a precursor to Pike, but I'm not certain about the family tree.
I had learned Basic when I was young, and my coursework had pushed me to learn Pascal and C, but I really think it's LPC that pushed me towards a career in programming.
the key value for me is that i can replace compiled code at runtime. this allows to build large long running systems that can be changed without needing to restart. this is a feature that comes out of LPC which was designed for online games where it was necessary to add new content and fix bugs while the game was running since the developers of the game were the advanced players themselves.
roxen uses that to allow reloading modules. the way it works there is that any currently active instances keep running with the old version, but new instances get the new version. since modules are freshly instantiated for each http request this works very well.
there is also open-sTeam which went a step further to use proxy objects, that is, any sTeam object is a proxy to the actual pike object, so my code will only reference sTeam objects which allows the pike objects in the background to be replaced without my code needing to update the object reference because the proxy handles that behind the scenes.
open-sTeam is not actively developed anymore by its original developers, but there is a copy of it here: https://gitlab.com/societyserver/sTeam and i still maintain and use it for myself. (i have added a half-assed REST API so i can do modern web development with it. (realss.com is an example of that. i can connect to sTeam using vi to update the text content and custom code (which is stored inside sTeam as source too))
besides in pike and LPC i have only seen the ability to update code at runtime in smalltalk and lisp. i am not aware of any other language offering something like that.
> The Roxen Challenger HTTP Web Server is a marvel ahead of its time. That's a bold, hard-to-prove statement for a web server when compared to the amazing success of the Apache HTTP Server. Before you stop reading, you should consider that there is nothing wrong with having two subtly different, yet very good tools.
Roxen was definitely far easier to use than Apache, but PHP was a second-class citizen on Roxen, and "Roxen including RXML and Pike" was directly competing with "Apache plus mod_php" (and/or ColdFusion? I never used that, so not sure) though I don't know that the creators understood that at that time.
There were a number of contributions to Roxen's oblivion, to include
RXML was a very high level XML-based scripting language, but you had to drop to Pike to do some things; PHP was a single language that was clunkier than Pike but didn't seem like two separate languages to learn.
Since Roxen started so early, there was some terminological divergence already in 2000 between it and the rest of the webserver world.
Roxen created a 2.x of the web server and RXML syntax that was notably nicer and more modern-seeming, but also much slower for some use cases, so some Roxen 1.x users resisted upgrading -- so much so that when the company gave up, the community-maintained Roxen, Caudium, was based on 1.x, not 2.x, even though 2.x had been out for many years.
From the outside perspective, Roxen seemed to treat consulting or enterprise sales as its bread and butter, in which the webserver was a sort of force multiplier or secret sauce, which directly conflicted with a goal of growing the Roxen user community.
I don't know that the creators understood that at that time
yes, this is right, this was not well understood. part of the problem was that the concept of web development frameworks was not established yet. later it would have been easier to say that roxen competes with frameworks such as django or rails, but at the time roxen was promoted as a webserver, and so people expected a drop-in replacement for apache. in fact, roxen might have done better if it had been using apache as a http protocol frontend.
in a sense roxen/pike suffers the same challenge as smalltalk and lisp do today. you can do powerful things in those languages and environments, but they don't fit into the mold of what everyone else was doing. you kind of have to give up your existing ecosystem and start from scratch learning new tools and concepts.
RXML was a very high level XML-based scripting language, but you had to drop to Pike to do some things; PHP was a single language that was clunkier than Pike but didn't seem like two separate languages to learn.
i wouldn't see it that way. anyone who learned programming could see that html/xml/rxml was not a programming language but sophisticated markup.
for some time there were two camps, those that wanted code and markup mixed in one file, and those that wanted to keep it separate.
php favored the mixed approach and python went for the latter.
roxen with pike also was firmly in the latter camp.
however it seems that it took a while before the latter approach became more popular and by that time multiple alternatives such as python and ruby were available.
Caudium, was based on 1.x, not 2.x, even though 2.x had been out for many years.
i was part of that team. the primary issue was not performance, but compatibility. roxen 2 could not handle some of the more complex rxml people had created with roxen 1.
the most notable reaction i remember that per hedbor, the primary developer of roxen, was disappointed that we had forked roxen 1 and not roxen 2. he was understandably and rightfully proud of his work. but unfortunately it took some time before roxen 2 was able to achieve enough compatibility with roxen 1 to make a lot of old rxml work in roxen 2. another notable detail is that the fork was lead by his very brother david.
and for the curious, the name caudium came from us looking up the word "fork" in a latin dictionary. we didn't find a nice sounding translation, but there was this reference of a roman town near a river-fork whose name we all liked, so that is what we picked.
Hey, thanks for the corrections and clarifications!
> anyone who learned programming could see that html/xml/rxml was not a programming language but sophisticated markup.
Leaving aside the "pike" tag, I guess I agree... my original statement was based on the path dependence of having written my first ever production application "in" RXML. ;)
Well, I concur; back in the days, I have created quite a few websites with business logic in RXML.
I'd think that both RXML and its Javascript based successor Remixml are both Turing complete and can be used as generic programming languages (within reason). Which is not to say that creating complicated applications in those languages is a good idea.
Well it is wrong. There is something wrong with having two subtly (depending on how subtle it is) different tools. There's duplication of effort, community split, interoperability hassles (depending on the something), extra support burden if other people have to support both, etc.
I don't think anyone would agree that having 110V, 220V, 50Hz and 60Hz is good. Or subtly different railway gauges. Or Windows and Unix style line endings.
There are a couple of upsides too - increased competition, backup in case one project goes in a crazy direction, etc.
But it's silly to pretend there's nothing bad about it.
Though anyway in this case I think "a marvel ahead of its time" is not a "subtle difference".
roxen and apache were not two subtly different tools, they were, and still are, miles apart. the way you use them and develop for them is completely different. roxen not only replaces apache but also perl, php or any other language that you develop your websites with. therefore roxen does not even compete with apache, but it also competes with laravel, django or rails. the fact that those later frameworks need apache to serve their content is rather incidental.
rails was first released in 2004. django in 2005, laravel in 2011. i used roxen (and it's predecessor spinner) in 1994!! that's literally a decade earlier. i think the only possibly competing tool available at the time was cl-http in lisp[0]. (AIDA/Web for smalltalk was created in 1996, as was WebObjects, Java EE came in 1999. that's all i could find so far)
[0]: at the time i was looking for a better alternative to the available ncsa and cern webservers. i remember ordering a student version or something like that of franz lisp so i could try it. and i was put off by having to write lisp code just to serve static files. that was what made me keep looking until i found spinner.
the ability to try different approaches to solve the same problem
avoiding lengthy arguments over how to implement a feature
the ability to take risks in the development
...
imagine we'd all be stuck with sendmail or perl.
of course when you get to the 10th video editor it starts getting ridiculous. there certainly are some areas where i wish some projects could join forces to create better results.
I don't follow; are you implying Linux users (the particular audience) don't like having multiple tools for specific use cases or that the author's statement goes without saying?
Often when there are two (or more) very good tools for a single task (e.g. editing text) there breaks out a Holy War, rather than people being happy for each other to use their preferred, each excellent in their own way, option. Seems to me this is what the parent comment is nodding to.
It's a descendant of a language used for multi-player adventure games originating in early 90s. Guess its value will be it being a C look-alike scripting language. According to its comparison page compared to Python "is faster, has a more advanced type system, and better support for OOP".
That's a great question. I know I'm looking forward to reading HN thoughts on it.
For my part, as someone who has only dabbled in it, I can say that it appeals to me though I have difficulty elucidating why. I think partly because it is well suited to creating servers, due to its background in MUD and WWW servers.
I worked at Real Networks back in the end of last millennium. They were big fans of Roxen and Caudium. I loved developing in Pike. It was way ahead of it's time for sure.
I guess it is more of packaging issue of using pike in that manner, perhaps this is something for the pikers to explore. Could be a great way to revitalize the language, the world could need a embeddable strictly typed C like dynamic language.
There is a need I think, Wren is the only one. Lua and javascript are king of the hill, but both have their quirks. Though Pike isn't on ARM either (from what I can see), so probably a bit of work.
Take a look at Wren if you want a similar looking embeddable scripting language. It was created by Bob Nystrom (who now works in Dart). It’s a lovely language.
i love pike, but the c-syntax is not my favorite part. i am more partial to minimalist syntax like smalltalk or lisp. python is nice too, but still to verbose.
that said, pike at least is really copying c-syntax directly with some extensions, and not just confusingly pretending to look like c-syntax as eg. javascript is doing.
I still miss working with this language. It just makes so much sense to me.
The way I think of it is as a quite a lot more performant version of Python with a C-like syntax and a much more consistently designed - while still very rich - standard library.
The downside is of course that compared to Python, Pike is now almost completely unknown. The ecosystem is tiny, etc. We really sucked at marketing the language in the early critical days and then after a while kind of gave up and focused on using it to build commercial systems instead.