Sure, with other changes. You would still have to:
* Select (or repair) “good” pairs that didn’t have poor echo, impedance, noise, etc. characteristics.
* Not compand the resulting PCM sample with mu/alaw companding.
* Provide an atomic bearer channel from the telephone switch to the ISP that was at least 112kbps.
* Develop a modem encoding scheme that could take advantage of the extra bandwidth.
At this point, you’ve reinvented a really crappy version of DSL that could be user-signaled to call different networks (i.e., phone numbers.)
The other option, the one that people selected, was to use the copper facilities but bypass the phone switch and its associated audio and in-band signaling shenanigans. That was/is xDSL.
Bumping ADC to 16bit will remove some of quantization noise, but still leave you with inherent noise of the transmission medium and power limit (FCC/AT&T).
No because you still have to modulate the signal to get it to/from a house, and modulation schemes are where you squeeze maximum bits per second into available analog bandwidth within the limits imposed by Claude Shannon.
The article didn't talk about modulation schemes and I wish it had.
I’ve made many a trip to the git repo to dig up older versions and copy down the old version ebuilds into my own overlay: https://github.com/gentoo/gentoo
Thankfully kitchen sodium is in compound form, and thus not likely to react violently with water. In this context, the properties of pure metallic sodium are relevant because it would need to be handled in manufacturing. Kitchen salt is more commonly mined or extracted, requiring minimal to no handling of pure metallic sodium.