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Your card limit gets checked on every transaction. There doesn't seem to be a technical reason why information flow back to me should be limited in any way. If the extra layer fails to work the transaction fails to pass.


> Your card limit gets checked on every transaction.

Nope. The merchant can choose the level of verification - in some cases, like copying the card with an imprinter [1] or running phone transactions (yes, that is possible - it's called MOTO [2]), it's obviously impossible to check card limits.

Downside of CNP transactions is, the merchant is fully liable for anything from fraud over chargebacks to exceeding limits.

And then you got card-present transactions but the network connectivity is down for whatever reasons... been a while since I messed with that, but at least for German cards you could configure the terminal to store the account details for later submission when connectivity was restored.

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_card_imprinter

[2] https://docs.adyen.com/point-of-sale/mail-and-telephone-orde...


I remember being charged after a while when paying for bus/metro tickets in some places, I think those machines process transactions by batches or something.


Your brain does. It's not _one_ computer. It's dozens some interconnected and synchronized to others some with entirely independent control. It's why we have seizures, why optical illusions exist, and why you flinch when something moves at you in your peripheral vision.


What I love about this article is it's actual engineering work on an existing code base. It doesn't seek to just replace things or swap libraries in an effort to be marginally faster. It digs into the actual code and seeks to genuinely improve it not only for speed but for efficiency. This simply does not get done enough in modern projects.

I wonder if it was done more regularly would we even end up with libraries like simdjson or oj in the first place? The problem domain simply isn't _that_ hard.


Bear in mind that: the author is part of the ruby core team; json is a standard lib gem; the repo from the json gem was in the original author namespace; the repo had no activity for more than a year, despite several quality MRs.

It took some time to track and get the original author to migrate it to the ruby team namespace.

While I'm glad they to all this trouble, there's only a few who could pull this off. Everyone else would flock to or build a narrative.


> has to go through a very length period

Doesn't the bottom of this announcement describe a previous rule that was announced in January 2024 and then implemented in March 2024? Interesting that rules process was far more rapid than this one.


The announcement in January was the end of the process, not the start. Here is the timeline of that previous rule:

2021-02-02: President Biden issued Executive Order (E.O.) 14012[0]

2021-04-19: Request for Public Input begins[1]

2021-05-19: Request for Public Input ends[2]

2023-10-23: Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. Comment period begins[3]

2023-12-11: Comment period ends

2024-01-30: Final Rulemaking announced[4]

2024-02-02: Regulations are published in federal register[5]

2024-03-06: Rules take effect

[0]https://www.federalregister.gov/executive-order/14012

[1]https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/04/19/2021-07...

[2]https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2021/04/26/C1-2021...

[3]https://www.regulations.gov/docket/USCIS-2023-0005/unified-a...

[4]https://www.uscis.gov/newsroom/news-releases/uscis-announces...

[5]https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2024/02/02/2024-01...


Also worth noting that today's rules, 89 FR 7456, and the previous one, 89 FR 103054, both derived from the same NPRM. Apparently, based on feedback they thought some parts of the rules needed more work than others and finalized them in two parts.


And?

So a different related rule started its process awhile back and a second rule was in the works concurrently. Is the USG only allowed to do one thing at a time?

The comment period for this rule ended last year to give you an idea of how long this has at least been in the works. All of this information is rapidly found via the submitted url at the top of the page.

https://www.regulations.gov/docket/USCIS-2023-0005/document


It's the same question. What decides when a long process and comment period is required and when it isn't? Why does this agency have such variable performance when it comes to similar rulings?


> to leave the country to renew paperwork is an insane anachronism.

I always took it as a means of proving they still could return somewhere if necessary. Which is a reasonable thing to assure on a visa.


That's pointless. They need to prove they have somewhere to return to while regretting their visa that lets them... not return there? Dumb.

Ultimately it just wasted time and money, and causes lots of stress, for no useful purpose.


It's a visa. The whole point is that it's not permanent and you are ultimately expected to return home permanently. You may also be asked to leave at any time. It's reasonable for the host nation to want to ensure that outcome is still available and that someone hasn't actually fully emigrated here with no options for return.

Ultimately it's known to anyone who applies for a visa that this will be the requirement, and so, if they don't want the economic opportunity of working in the US, they're free to avoid the stress and just stay in their home nation.


> It's a visa. The whole point is that it's not permanent and you are ultimately expected to return home permanently

probably do not have to tell you this but not all visas are created equal... this one is particular is a dual-intent visa so what you are saying applies to SOME visas, just not this one :)


> The whole point is that it's not permanent and you are ultimately expected to return home permanently.

No. H1b is a "dual intent" visa. It's expected that you will file for a permanent residence while on this visa.


No, this was post 9/11. It has nothing to do with immigration policy. The collective jerking after 9/11 led to many bad policies, including this one. Biden half assedly tried to go back to the pre 9/11 state of "stateside renewal" but it went nowhere.


Prior to the internet vendor included features were significantly more important than they are now.


The "support elements" on the mainframe, which are just a laptop connected to some internal buses and power controls, did run OS/2 for many years. You could IPL the machine right from the Warp desktop. It was neat.

They also continued VM with VM/370, VM/ESA and z/VM operating systems which are equally rock solid systems. Aside from these IBM did actually go big on Intel systems but they got completely blindsided by clone manufacturers and entirely failed to see what cloud infrastructure would do to their impressive mainframe lineups.


Insulin is not a "shortcut." It's a genuine product of the human body. Some people just don't produce enough in response to other metabolic changes.


> seems better to take it than not.

If you have debilitating diabetes that has failed to respond to changes in exercise and diet. If your taking the drug as some type of "weight loss short cut" you should possibly reconsider that position.


In terms of outcome, it maybe a tolerable risk, but anything that flat out doubles the risk ratio is fairly concerning; in particular, where the mechanisms are not well understood.


When the numbers were small to begin with, a doubled risk ratio could just be the result of statistical noise.

You are right in that the mechanisms may not be well-understood. This does warrant further study, as the paper concludes.


the studies obviously adjusted for variance when considering if their conclusions are significant, you're beating up a strawman


I'd happily double my risk of being hit by a meteorite for $10000.


0.02% relative risk increase implies 2 in 10,000 will end up with the condition where they would not otherwise.

Your chances of being hit by a meteorite are _at most_ 1 in 1,000,000.

My happiness would not extend across several orders of magnitude like that, but perhaps, some people just need the $10k more than I would.


All medications increases the risks of side effects, but they are prescribed because the benifits outweigh the downsides - even if little is known about their mechanism.


> but they are prescribed because the benifits outweigh the downsides

Some are. Some are simply prescribed because the patient asks for them.

> even if little is known about their mechanism.

I wouldn't take it unless my condition was immediately life threatening and there were no other medications available. There are very few classes of treatment that fall within these parameters.


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