>Manual heap allocation can slow the program down non-trivially compared to using an arena
But GC has nothing to do with whether heap allocations 'slow the program down', it's who owns the lifetime of the allocated object - for GC not the programmer, but the runtime.
If I create a an object, and then then soon after deref it [MyObj release], then I know it will dealloc immediately after. I'm basically in control of its lifetime, even though it's ref counted.
If I call [MyObj free] and it's still owned by another object (e.g. I added it to some collection), that's OK because the object is still useful and has a lifetime outside of my control, and its destruction will be deferred until it doesn't.
But, with a GC object, if I call new MyObj() and then soon after try my best to destroy it, I can't because I'm not in control of its lifetime, the runtime is.
That's what I see the distinction between GC and ref counted (not GC), and why I mostly don't agree with so many people here insisting that ref counting is garbage collection. How can it be when I can easily be explicitly in control of an objects lifetime? I create it, then I destroy it, and it happens exactly in the sequence that I dictate.
For sure, ARC makes it a bit more subtle, but even then, I can reliably predict when an object will be destroyed and factor that into the sequence of events in my program.
Spouse is an idea in your head though. Very hard to measure. Because she used not to be a spouse before getting married right. One day she became spouse. So it's an idea. Not tangible.
I'm surprised at the negativity your approach seems to have sparked in a few, but I found it really great, probably very effective as well and will probably start to use it at some point.
Thank you! And please do feel free to use the idea, or change it and make it your own. The great thing is that it starts the interview with the candidate being the expert at something, and I am their student.
So was I! Frankly, having done similar things, I found their comment here lucid, well thought out and valuable enough to write some things in resonance.
My take is the negatives may just be people leaning hard on, "if it seems too good to be true...
I'd have to say that when the UK initially joined the EU most people probably didn't notice much of a difference, except that the euro made going on holiday and using the local currency a lot easier (I still remember the Lira in Italy being particularly difficult to get my head around). But otherwise it didn't make much of a difference in day-to-day life for most.
But now, leaving seems to be like constantly picking at a festering scab.
Except that the UK joined the EU before it was even called the EU and long before the Euro existed. The UK also never adopted the Euro or joined the Schengen area, so we never got the full open borders + same currency experience. Being over the water from the EU - with the exception of the Irish border, which is over the water from the rest of the UK anyway - helps add a sense of separation, uniqueness and sheer arrogance which has allowed our newspapers to lie about the EU for the entirety of its existence.
What's hurt us from leaving is the single market. It's now vastly more difficult to trade with the EU, our closest geographical neighbour. Lots of post-referendum talk about amazing trade deals with Australia and the USA and Canada and India came largely to nothing, and they're all so far away and much more difficult to manage the logistics of. Plus the awkward situation where Northern Ireland is still kind of in the single market and kind of not, due to the need to preserve various agreements about trade and movement over the Irish border.
Ultimately, EU membership was what helped us get out of the economic pit we were in in the early 1970s. It's what helped us build the massive services economy which fuelled the 1980s on a wave of consumer credit and London skyscrapers. I'm not saying those are necessarily good things, but the day to day impact of EU membership was actually enormous - just most people weren't consciously aware of it.
Which is why it was possible for a bunch of charlatans to convince a tiny majority to vote to leave it.
> Ultimately, EU membership was what helped us get out of the economic pit we were in in the early 1970s. It's what helped us build the massive services economy which fuelled the 1980s on a wave of consumer credit and London skyscrapers.
there was (and still is) no single market for services, so how could have joining the EEC have caused any of these things?
the 80s boom this was purely a result of Thatcherite policy (for better or worse), it had nothing to do with the EEC
> It created a common market based on the free movement of:
> goods
> people
> services
> capital.
I assume we can differ in the opinion of how much of that has been achieved and at what time, and I agree it is far from perfect, but your statement is rather undifferentiated and categorical.
> You are entitled to your opinion, but it differs to the official stance from the EU.
the EU taking credit for things for which it was entirely uninvolved? imagine that
> Now let's have a look at the Treaty of Rome (1957)
the Treaty of Rome (1957) was, and still is, an aspiration
the signing of it did not spontaneously unify the laws and regulations of its parties, create a common market, unified defence policy, and create a political union. this took time and is still ongoing
> I assume we can differ in the opinion of how much of that has been achieved and at what time
the Single European Act itself, the instrument which created the EU single market did not enter effect until 1987, so clearly it could not have been the catalyst for the changes to the UK services economy in the 70s
the EU single market still does not encompass most services: professional qualifications are almost entirely controlled by member states, there is no banking union, there is no capital markets union, and it goes on
it does not exist in any functional way whatsoever
this is very different to the single market for goods, which is extremely effective and functionally complete
but why debate this, when we have a direct example to refer to? a member state with significant intra-EU service exports leaving the single market
if being part of the EU single market for services was important, you would expect that UK service exports to the EU would decline significantly as a result
so, what happened in reality?
the exact opposite: UK service exports to the EU have increased since brexit
this should confirm to even the most pro-EU person that the single market for services is woeful
Did you mean, no single market for _financial_ services?
In that case, yes. But other kind of services do take advantage of the single market. The issue is the language barrier, so Germany, Austria benefits a bit more than other, but with non-english speakers aging out of the workforce, this is changing (we used to be mostly franco-belge, we now work with Spain, Italy and Romania. Weirdly our bad accent makes it easier to understand each others than Oxford English)
Also the fact most of the UK’s newspapers are owned by non-UK, non-European citizens. The US doesn’t allow foreigners (non US persons, green card holders are US persons) to hold a controlling stake in the media, or to contribute money to the political process.
> when the UK initially joined the EU most people probably didn't notice much of a difference, except that the euro made
There were 26 years between the UK joining and the euro being introduced. 29 between that and coins & notes being in people's hands (for the first three years the currency was primarily only used for accounting purposes not day-to-day, though in the run up to 2002 prices were often presenting in both currencies in preparation for the public switch starting).
> But now, leaving seems to be like constantly picking at a festering scab.
There was a plan for joining. Leaving was a desire without a (properly thought out) plan.
After joining it took time to fully integrate and over the decades, unpicking all that was always going to be much more complicated than merging into it in the first place (the “we are not in any more, we don't have to do a thing or pay what we'd already agrees” ideas many brexit supporters seemed to have were pure fantasy). Most divorces are more complicated than the marriage that preceded them.
Of course, it is all us remoaners fault for not helping the leavers make their plan. :)
It's like removing a particular dependency that you thought would be simple and it turns out to have been useful all over the place in ways that one person alone doesn't remember off the top of their head.
Then you start realising that the fab new modules you were thinking of using have all sorts of missing features and limitations and now your performance has dropped x% and memory usage went up instead of down.
...but you put the old module on the banned list and can't take the hit to your credibility of admitting that it wasn't as bad as the alternatives.
> But now, leaving seems to be like constantly picking at a festering scab.
Does it? I feel similarly to your description of joining about it: maybe I can't join an EU line (more often I now join an EU + UK + ... line, so it's only a signing quirk) and my passport is a different colour, but otherwise it hasn't made a difference day-to-day.. at all? Maybe if I was an international lorry driver or something?
EU + UK line are going to disappear when the new EU passport check (ESS) and electronic travel authorization (euphemism introduced by the US to call a visa) will come into force. And now that EU citizen have to do the same for UK it will to just transform a quick Eurostar travel in a big headache.
ESTA in the US or ETA in Canada doesn't require anything extra in my experience, it's just like a flag either on or not on your passport coming through passport control.
(I assume UK ETA is the same, but I haven't travelled in with anyone requiring one yet. My wife doesn't with a BRP which is also a euphemism for a visa if you like, and that is similarly straightforward.)
I am an academic working on a multinational clinical trial. I assure you, it has made many aspects of my daily life much worse, from shipping things across borders, recruiting students or staff, to discussions about patient safety and the EMA/MHRA, as well as the desire of colleagues to collaborate internationally.
I was responding to the point that leaving affected the 'day to day life for most' more than joining with, I'm not saying it doesn't change anything, or doesn't change the day to day life for anyone - I even offered international truck drivers as an example, yours is another, but I don't think most people are in that position.
Born in the 1960s, I remember when the UK joined a trade bloc. Decades later, during the Brexit referendum, the "think of the children" argument was heavily pushed by the Remain campaign. Yet, as someone who grew up within the trade bloc and later the EU, I recall that we had no say on the Maastricht Treaty—while other countries did, with some even being told to vote again.
I also remember the Liberal Democrats advocating for a referendum on EU membership from the early 2000s onward. However, when the vote finally happened, the level of vitriol and disdain the party directed at Leave voters completely changed my perception of what "liberal" and "democratic" truly mean. Their stance no longer aligned with those ideals.
Corporate lobbying has a significant impact on EU policy, often overshadowing the interests of its citizens. The EU’s influence is a mix of positives, negatives, and deeply concerning interventions. One striking example was when the entire EU was forced to pay higher prices for imported solar panels to protect a single German company. Another was the rushed adoption of CFL lighting just before LED technology became viable—CFLs contain mercury, posing a serious health hazard if broken, and many have likely ended up polluting landfills.
While I support the idealistic vision of a united Europe, many well-intentioned policies have been poorly thought out, leading to unintended consequences. The depopulation of many towns and villages across Europe due to youth migration is a direct result of EU-driven policies, yet little thought was given to the broader impact.
The UK sought EU reforms, but when those were denied, a referendum became inevitable. Many who voted Leave did so because the trade bloc they originally joined had evolved into something they no longer recognized. For decades, key decisions were made without direct input from the British people. It's no surprise that those who had once voted to join felt compelled to vote to leave. Yet, the mainstream media labeled them as racists, disregarding the complexity of their concerns.
Beyond the UK's experience, France’s actions in African countries when it adopted the Euro are worth investigating—they reveal a shocking side of EU monetary policy. Meanwhile, Germany, whose strong currency transitioned smoothly into the Euro, benefited enormously—often at the expense of struggling nations like Greece and Italy, which found themselves locked into an economic framework that served German interests far more than their own.
Saddest part is, France blocked any reforms until the UK had left the EU, and had they only engaged back then and made some reforms, the UK could have justified a new vote on the EU, with a more informed opinion. That in itself is a tradegy, but then the UK being physically seperated from Europe, has always seen many cultures and approached, not as aligned as the Europe and subsequently the EU as a whole, which beyond cheap holidays, duty free, not many really embraced the EU as a whole and vice versa.
> Beyond the UK's experience, France’s actions in African countries when it
adopted the Euro are worth investigating—they reveal a shocking side of EU
monetary policy.
Can you elaborate on this? I know enough to know that I should not pretend to
know anything.
Basically, the CFA got locked into the Euro currency when France joined it penalised African countries (former French colonies) into it as the CFA was pegged to the French Franc.
This made those former colonies crippled by exports to anywhere apart from France who with the CFA setup that those African countries having to store 50% of their currency reserves with France at a 0.75% interest rate. Combined with the subsequent Euro pegging, that alone penalised those former African colonies with the CFA. Equally, they gained nothing from France joining the Euro and lots more pain.
I don't have the source right now, but I believe a lot of the algorithms used are set in build time #defines so it might be possible to capture them at build time and store them with the encrypted data.
Means you'd have to find a compiled lib with the exact same settings to decrypt them though.
If a high-level API ever has to be changed, that will be libsodium 2.0.
In 12 years, libsodium never had any breaking API changes, even though I don't like the NaCl API much (especially usage of `unsigned long long` instead of `size_t` for sizes).
API stability is something I'm very committed to, in all my software. APIs can always be improved. But from a developer perspective, a suboptimal but stable API is far better than something that requires changes to all your applications every time the dependencies are updated.
It is in-game, but it is astonishingly rare. Specifically, there is a 0.011% chance of spawning a Cougar during each ship spawning routine, which is around 1 in 9000 ship spawnings
And it's got a cloaking device so it doesn't appear on your scanner.
Anyone who has genuinely seen one of these in-game is a really lucky commander!
Hmm, I wonder if that's what the second mission was to find?
I played it on the CBM64, and seem to remember being given a mission to find a stealth ship. Flew around loads, but never found it as far as I can remember.
No, the Cougar is nothing to do with missions (in the 6502 versions, anyway - the other platforms have different mission code). It's just a rarely called part of the random spawning routine. Very rarely called.
The mission-related ship is the Constrictor, which you only bump into at the end of that mission.
Because... they ruined it.