According to this [1], taxes on gasoline are much higher than 40 cents/litre (50 cents in Spain, 68 cents in France).
If you buy a train ticket in advance, you definitely are in that price scale. I looked up train rides one month in advance [2] and a ride from Madrid to Spain is now 175€ to 210€, right in the range of the train ride.
But hopefully, Europe-wide CO2 taxes will start to price in externalities and remove the finger from the scale in favor of flights.
That ticket-in-advance thing is a part of the problem. For some unclear reason, some European countries let ticket prices skyrocket if you want to just go down to the train station and grab a train.
How is this a good thing?
And don't tell me it's important for planning loads: The schedules are mostly fixed anyway, and the usage doesn't fluctuate that wildly. In some countries, like the Netherlands, this is not a thing, and the national train (NS) behaves just like a city metro: You wave your pass walking on to the platform, and wave it again on the way out.
This is called market segmentation, and in competitive markets (like, say, flying or hotels) it’s a good thing: it allows the carrier to sell early tickets at very low prices, often well below the actual marginal cost of the last seat, because these losses will be made up by people who have urgent need for travel right now, and so are much less price sensitive. That’s how, for example, RyanAir is able to offer those 20 EUR cross Europe fares, which is well below even just the fuel cost, much less other costs.
> Here in Germany, for as long as I can remember, the government praises itself every year for investing as much in rail as never before.
Unfortunately, that's not true (the investment part). In preparation for the IPO (that never happened because of the crash) Deutsche Bahn was heavily tuned for profit since the mid 90s which led to a massive decrease in investment. As rail infrastructure has a rather long service life, a lot of those cost-cutting measures have only beginning to be felt rather recently. Now not only do the investments that have not been made have to be made up for, but the funding gap has caused the infrastructure to decay even further.
Also, a lot of money has been spent on vanity projects like Stuttgart 21, instead of much-needed extension of freight lines like the one in the upper Rhine valley.
Also, construction prices have gone up a lot. Rail investment depends heavily on steel and concrete, both have skyrocketed over past years. And as you said, undoing a decade or more of underinvestment is extremely costly and leads to more delays in the short term.
This was done on purpose. There was the hope, that strong economic ties would make war between Germany and Russia impossible. While it now looks really stupid, it worked really well between Germany and France after World War II (first with European Coal and Steel Community and then later with the European Union).
The prevailing political view, was that strong economic ties would make war and violent conflict between Germany and Russia impossible. This is basically what happened intentionally and successfully between Germany and France after World War II first with European Coal and Steel Community and later the European Union.
You've made this comment twice - I am curious. Which configuration of the Boxer was it that was in the exercise without the weapon. I believe that the ambulance doesn't have one - which one was the German crew on?
Doing a quick compare with the 12.1 Release notes - https://www.freebsd.org/releases/12.1R/relnotes/ - I will speculate that the 13.1 Release Notes are not a finished document, and quite a bit more will be added before the April 26th (current schedule) "final" Release of 13.1.
From the original post, "Please note, the release notes page is not yet complete, and will be
updated on an ongoing basis as the 13.1-RELEASE cycle progresses."
No it isn't. It's describing a bikesharing system with no payment system. I mean leaving your personal bike unlocked, and taking another when its missing.
That's basically what some student have been doing here for decades now, though not out of idealism. The disadvantage is that sometimes a local entrepreneur comes by to sell you your own bike back for 20 euros cash.
If you are purchasing a bicycle with the expectation that others will use it and you will in turn use theirs, then I'm not sure the term "personal bike" applies.
It's more like your personal contribution or donation to a collective scheme. This seems like what this article describes.
Blindly fumbling through the night, you bump into something foreign. Feeling it, brushing your palms and fingertips across it, you realize what it is: the fundamental contradiction of private property.
The PI was also involved in an earlier study [1, 2], that found "Jennifer Aniston neurons", i.e., neurons that get activated when the proband gets shown an image of Jennifer Aniston, but not activated when shown the image of another celebrity.
It's probably not that surprising, that other cells are active during other specific activities and inactive during others.
Anyway, it's fun seeing my old institute featured on hn.
I'd rule out patch clamp. That would be too difficult and slow.
It sounds like they have very sensitive electrodes that are either very close to individual neurons, and then they shift those around, or they have a lot of those sensitive electrodes and compute the location of signal sources in 3D space. The latter would be a lot more economical.
Ok, but I guess that recording which neurons fire when the subject is performing certain tasks does not fall into the category of "sticking a needle into a single neuron".
If you buy a train ticket in advance, you definitely are in that price scale. I looked up train rides one month in advance [2] and a ride from Madrid to Spain is now 175€ to 210€, right in the range of the train ride.
But hopefully, Europe-wide CO2 taxes will start to price in externalities and remove the finger from the scale in favor of flights.
[1] https://taxfoundation.org/gas-taxes-in-europe/ [2] https://www.raileurope.com/en/journey/madrid-paris-14skjpm