I'm sorry for your laptop experience and glad you got it working on your desktop. There are good chances it is related to Hyper-V but would need more info to debug. Could you send us your logs to beta-feedback@docker.com? Docker for Windows still requires elevated privileges to start. This will be addressed in a couple of releases

Docker for Windows samba mounts the host filesystem into the VM so samba maps the permissions

Linux VM of course but not virtual box! Docker for Windows is built on top of Hyper-V.

Docker for Windows relies on Hyper-V