There is also my rinky-dink open source project, Flintrock [0], that will launch open source Spark clusters on AWS for you.
It's probably not the right tool for production use (and you would be right to wonder why Flintrock exists when we have EMR [1]), but I know of several companies that have used Flintrock at one point or other in production at large scale (like, 400+ node clusters).
I'm in my early 30s, and I recently had my maxilla and mandible non-surgically expanded with a combination of appliances, one called Advanced Lightwire Functional (ALF) and the other called Fixed Anterior Growth Guidance Appliance (FAGGA).
Treatments that make use of the Orthotropics philosophy or of appliances like the ALF or FAGGA are relatively new and are not mainstream. However, there are many case studies available online showing them in action and showing before/after pictures.
I don't know what kind of resources you're looking for, but this video [1] provides a quick introduction to Orthotropics.
From the what I understand, the FAGGA basically expands your maxilla forward. Here's a good example [1] that shows the appliance in action. The photos showing the upper jaw after FAGGA insertion match my experience.
The ALF can be applied to both the maxilla and mandible (whereas the FAGGA, I believe, is just for the maxilla), but the growth it promotes is more gradual and subtle.
I don't think either appliance shares much in common with lingual braces, functionally speaking. I'm not a doctor, but from what I understand lingual braces act primarily on the individual teeth whereas the ALF and FAGGA act primarily on the jaw bones.
You don't need surgery to move the jaw forward in order to treat obstructive sleep apnea.
Some dentists (like mine) offer a removable orthotic [0] that you wear during sleep which accomplishes the required jaw movement and improves sleep quality. It's an alternative to treatment with CPAP that doesn't require anything invasive like surgery.
I haven't undergone this particular treatment myself, but I know from wearing other styles of precisely designed orthotics (both removable and semi-permanent) that they can improve the quality of your breathing, and thus improve the quality of your sleep.
My town recently replaced the dull, orange-ish street lights in my neighborhood with very bright, white LEDs.
The street is now very well-lit, but I share the author's concerns and experience with this kind of light creating an environment that's not conducive to sleep, or to unwinding in general. When I look at the new street lights I feel like they were taken out of a hospital operating room.
Another thing I noticed when the new lights first went in was that the birds started chirping at all hours of the night. I don't know if they were always doing that and I only noticed after the new street lights were installed, but it makes sense that the light would have a similar impact on animals as it does on humans.
I wonder if anyone else noticed this when the lights in their neighborhood were upgraded to these harsh, white LEDs.
One of the streets I drive on regularly is the dividing line between two towns, and it actually has the new LED bulbs on one side and the older bulbs on the other. Even without the one malfunctioning LED assembly that's strobing, the difference is pretty jarring and rather disturbing. I'd much rather have the older bulbs back, or at least something closer to them in appearance.
I'm not the only one to notice the difference either - I generally have my phone mounted to my driver's-side vent and on with a map, and when I'm driving on the "old bulb" side of the street with the new bulbs shining from behind on the phone, it's much brighter - presumably its light sensor is perceiving the LEDs as being much closer to daylight.
There are companies making non flat non white LED lamps these days. They try to emulate the feel and color of filament bulbs but with LED films for power savings. I don't know if they improve things though.
They don’t necessarily have the same spectrum. Not an expert, but my conclusion from the little I looked into this is that lighting is hard. And decision makers don’t seem to consider externalities.
The Sodium Lamps normally used in Street Lighting have a very very narrow colorband (their color index is basically 0, if you look at something under sodium light, it's colorless other than the sodium yellow).
LEDs can be more easily adjusted and can have a wider color band plus you can use multiple modules and change color as needed (blue light in early evening when rush traffic is on and then going into narrowband sodium yellow for the night). It's a question of power delivery and PCB complexity that limits what you can do (controlling a high powered 50W LED isn't trivial)
Amber lights are conducive to sleep since blue wavelength light messes with circadian rhythms so they might be useful on stretches of roadway that feature long-haul driving and late-night traffic like larger thorough fares but I think they have a very deleterious effect on animals and plants.
One of the things I love about the suburban neighborhood I live in is how dark it is at night (relatively speaking, not like being in a true night-time darkness in the wilderness).
I live in a neighborhood where many people leave 5-6000K security lights on all night. It boggles my mind. Any possible health effects aside, I just find non-natural light in that spectrum to be really unpleasant to look at. The temperature of the security and street lights really kills an otherwise pleasant neighborhood vibe at night.
You can't change blue light to another color with a filter. The amber light has to be in the spectrum emitted by the lights to begin with. The filter just isolates it.
That's overly simplistic - you can use phosphors (and similar chemicals) to change the color of the light. The phosphors absorb light and emit light of different colors. Many daylight bulbs do this.
There's an interesting Wired article, about how teams at Philips struggled to come up with the optimum filter. IIRC, at some point they were using some type of gel to 'tint' the LED light to resemble an incandescent bulb.
Of course, nearly all of this has probably flown out the window, because the bulbs are so cheap now. (The Wired article was from over a decade ago.)
That was the article about the Switch bulbs if I remember correctly. I think the company went out of business. I have a couple of them and they work and look good, but are really heavy and I can't use them in certain applications that were only ever meant to hold up really light incandescents.
They used to sell imported goods like TVs, bicycles, cameras, typewriters etc etc, but only in exchange for American Dollars.
You couldn't legally buy American Dollars in Poland - the only way to legally obtain them was to have them sent over from abroad by a relative(you could buy them from the national bank for business, but it was a massive pain to get the necessary permissions).
I just think it's interesting, as the experience looks similar, except that the korean store takes korean won. On the other hand, I imagine only members of the korean elite are allowed in that store, while anyone could at least enter a PEWEX and marvel at the imported goods.
- The environment seems depressingly spartan and utilitarian. Everything is drab. And yet this it he capital city.
- Virtually no one is walking with anyone else. There are a few exceptions, but it looks as if conversation is essentially absent when out and about.
- In a manner, it's boggling to consider where all of these people are coming from and going to. With no commerce, every building looks like it might as well be an apartment building. The feeling I get is like watching the rote movement you would see in a computer simulation of a city. A lot of movement, but with what purpose?
- Even though there is only very minimal traffic, it seems like crosswalks are not common, so the Youtuber keeps using pedestrian underpasses.
Big roads with lots of space between high rise building blocks. Not a lot of shops or other activities on the side or roads designed to move people, not keep them "idling."
This video also caught my attention. The camera looks like a Canon EOS 600D and its priced at about 100,000 Korean Won. According to the XE Currency Converter, that is about USD765 [1] compared to USD400 at Amazon [2]. Looks like capitalism is alive and well in the heartland of Juche-ism.
Actually, Google is quoting the official rate.. but the official rate is basically impossible to convert at. You'd need to convert at the black market rate, which is supposedly about 8,000 north korean Won to $1. If it's actually priced in North Korean Won, that would make it $12? I think we're missing something.
In the USSR there was a chain of stores ("Березка" - "Birch tree") where imported goods were sold for restricted currency. The currency was denominated in "rubles" but could only be obtained in exchange for a hard currency. The rate of the exchange has been arbitrary and the prices were too. The whole system had been set up to incentivize citizens who earned foreign currency (sailors, touring artists, diplomatic corps etc) to give it to the government. Giving it to the government had been mandatory, of course, but if they got nothing in return (or something as useless as regular rubles) they would be trying harder to hide their earnings. I'd imagine something like that could be going on here. It's hard to imagine an imported camera being offered for sale to regular citizens.
We had something similar here (former Czechoslovakia, Tuzex shops) and probably in most of the other socialist countries (eg. Poland, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pewex).
The only way to pay in these stores was to use special cheques. These were obtainable only in exchange for "western money", typically US Dollars, British Pounds, or German Marks.
And of course, there was a black market for them, with prices going as much as five times their nominal value (80s in Czechoslovakia, don't know about Poland and others, but I imagine it was quite similar).
The cigarettes section of the "Privileged Store" [1]. At least Kim Jong-un cares about your lungs. (Also, the electricity goes off and nobody bats an eye [2]. They must have the POS computer on a battery.)
I have no doubt that a small number of foreigners live and work in North Korea, move around freely without minders, and are allowed to have cameras and make videos, but how do they get the footage out? Even if they work at some university and have access to the internet, I very much doubt it's unrestricted like that.
I am willing to believe some of them might smuggle it out, but this guy walks around and behaves like it's nobody's business.
Any person on earth who is familiar with a camera can identify a gopro as one on first sight (rectangular parallelepiped + lens). Unless you're suggesting most North Koreans don't know what a camera looks like, your statement is likely false.
> These ratings are not great because they incentivize doctors not to take more complex cases.
This reminds me of a scene in the recent Dr. Strange movie where the main character -- a neurosurgeon -- turns down a case because it had a high risk of failure and he didn't want to tarnish his perfect record.
> They claim to be risk-adjusted, but in reality you cannot adjust for all possible risk factors. Lots of things in medicine are very unique. There's very little that's more complex than human disease.
Isn't it better to approach the problem by improving how we do these risk assessments so that the risk-adjusted ratings are fair, as opposed to leaving patients in the dark about where to get the best care?
It reminds me of a relative who couldn't find a surgeon for his problem, because the first 2 thought he was a risky patient. Then the 3rd charged more.
And thinking about it, I realized how many projects I jumped in while others jumped out because, you know, they were risky in not succeeding...
On the topic of fuzz testing, Python has an excellent library for property-based testing called Hypothesis [0] [1]. I don't think it does guided testing like AFL or libFuzzer (which OSS-Fuzz uses), but it's very powerful nonetheless.
I developed a fuzzer that generates random values based on ABNF rules, such as often appear in IETF RFCs. So it can be used for testing RFC implementations. It's written in Java but can be called from other tools.
There is a good wrapper for afl, https://pypi.python.org/pypi/python-afl that allows you to relatively easily use afl with your python code. Just be sure to take advantage of looping or you'll be limited by the python runtime start-up overhead.
Seconded. I've used it for testing various functions in recommendation systems, and it's great at finding boundary conditions you didn't think of, or issues with floating point math. And, as it was the first time I used any testing tools like this, it was a fun emotional experience to have an antagonistic test suite.
I wrote a wrapper around CPython for fuzz testing with libFuzzer [1]. It's dog slow because it's designed for anyone to be able to write relatively simple test cases in Python (so every iteration of the fuzzer starts the interpreter, executes the test, tears it down...). But a neat concept IMHO.
Since people are listing fuzzers, there are also the commercial alternatives: Peach Fuzzer (www.peachfuzzer.com/) and Synopsys Defensics (https://goo.gl/wroKI8). While my experience is not that recent, these two seem to dominate the network protocol fuzzing domain, whereas some of the open alternatives listed here appear to have become superior in general purpose 'parser' fuzzing. That said, played with honggfuzz recently and it really shows promise, especially if you have access to the source code (https://github.com/google/honggfuzz).
I assume there are different types of Tourette's with different causes and different treatments, but it was really amazing to see this link to the jaw.
I have no medical background at all, but I wonder if this could be related to the dopamine hypothesis of Tourette's. [1]
Bruxism and other mandibular issues can be associated with dopamine dysfunction. Normally I wouldn't think that the jaw could actually cause the problems, but perhaps there could be some kind of feedback loop there tied to dopamine.
The section titled "So Why Does Abstract and Concrete Matter?" on Donald's post explains pretty clearly why you can't have these two types of dependencies in the same file.
There is another discussion on the Pipfile repo about this that may also clarify things for you [0]. The example I posted there [1], which I'll post again here, is:
---
A project can only have 1 set of abstract dependencies (setup.py/pyproject.toml), but different users working with that project can have different sets of concrete dependencies (requirements.txt/Pipfile) which allow them to fulfill those abstract dependencies from PyPI mirrors, private package indexes, personal forks on GitHub, or somewhere else.
So if project Car depends on Engine (an abstract dependency), I can choose to install Car but grab Engine specifically from a fork I made on GitHub (a concrete dependency) that has some performance improvements. Meanwhile, someone else working at a big company that doesn't want to depend on external services to build and deploy their internal Python projects can choose to install both Car and Engine from their private package index as opposed to PyPI (another concrete dependency).
You can't merge these two types of dependencies together into one file without hampering people's ability to choose where to get their dependencies from.
---
According to another commenter on that issue [2], both Rust and Ruby have a similar split in how they specify dependencies.
There is also my rinky-dink open source project, Flintrock [0], that will launch open source Spark clusters on AWS for you.
It's probably not the right tool for production use (and you would be right to wonder why Flintrock exists when we have EMR [1]), but I know of several companies that have used Flintrock at one point or other in production at large scale (like, 400+ node clusters).
[0]: https://github.com/nchammas/flintrock
[1]: https://github.com/nchammas/flintrock#why-build-flintrock-wh...