Yes I think it's both those things, and really a few different projects with overlapping goals:

Cree# itself as a general-purpose language based on C#/Java with Cree keywords

Ancestral Codes and wisakecak as multimedia versions of the language, what he calls the "digital storytelling apparatus." Here he's bringing in cultural logic from Cree, with programs as stories written to the Raven, as interpreter of the code, used to record and present stories from Cree elders, etc

And then the Indigenous Toolkit to help other communities build programming languages around their own traditions

Do you know whether Cree# is open source? Sorry if I missed this when reading the text too quickly, but I struggle to find more documentation or a code repository. I know some folks at my university who are working with indigenous languages and cultural heritage, this could be interesting for them.

The "click to expand" has an in-depth explanation of a code sample, including an intro to binary-coded arithmetic