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Because they are the ones who lent the US the money. China is the #2 holder of US treasury bonds and currently own about 1T worth. (4% of the US national debt) Japan is the #1 holder at 1.2T. Source: https://ticdata.treasury.gov/Publish/mfh.txt


No one "lent" us money. It's a fiat currency with a self-imposed limit on new money creation.


> No one "lent" us money.

Obviously you have absolutely no idea what you are talking about.

BOND. Issued by US government. Is a promise that US will pay back the price of the bond at some predetermined future date and in the meantime it will also be paying interest in regular installments.

Others (including other countries) buy US bonds, which finances US spending. You know, whenever there is this big debate about whether to close US government or not?

So it is kinda stupid to say "no one lent us money", because, you know, they did.


Posting like this to HN will get you banned, regardless of how competent you are or feel you are. Please read the rules and stick to them: https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html.


But as a fuller reply to your overly condescending post is that a)yes the BOND procedure is borrowing, but b)the majority of new money is created through the fractional reserve system, which requires banks to hold 10% in reserve when creating loans. When banks give out new loans they are in fact creating almost 10 times as much new money, well exceeding the whole bond mechanism.

Now I admit that this is not my field, but it certainly seems that if the majority of new money that is created is through the fractional reserve system, i.e. by fiat, then the majority of the money that is spent buying new BONDS is from fiat-produced money.


Wow, you are a dick.


Please do not respond to a bad comment by breaking the site guidelines yourself. It only makes things worse.

https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html


You're right dang, sorry. I let my emotion get to me on that one.


[flagged]


See and respond to my other post. It seems reasonable to assume that most of the money that was lent to us via the BOND/Treasury ultimately came from fiat money creation via the banks through the fractional reserve system.


It's really not. If you buy a house with a mortgage, and later sell the house before the note is due, you will not owe the full amount of the accrued interest. Unfortunately the resale value of a secondhand war is very low.


Of course you do, you're just typically rolling it into another mortgage on the next place.

Anyway I didn't say and didn't mean it's the only valid interpretation of 'spent', just that it is one.


No, you don't.

You might in a state of nature, but the US has laws against prepayment penalties for mortgages. (Well, against the mortgage originator charging prepayment penalties.) You don't owe interest until it accrues.


Right, you 'owe the full amount of accrued interest'... Which is not as much as the amount that would've accrued if held to term. I think this is rather beside the point anyway!


the resale value of a secondhand war is very low.

"20 Year old slow-burn war available for reasonable price. Population w/ low morale, lots of growth potential! Motivated buyers only please."


Maybe we should see if the first owner wants to buy it back?


I guess that's true, the war was owned by Russia before the US purchased it at a very steep markup, while the Russians probably got a good deal on it from the Brits after it sat on a shelf for a century or so.

I'm hopeful, though not at all optimistic in the short term, that it will now be EOL'ed. Unfortunately, as a product class these things tend to be very durable, and families can pass them down for generations as a curiosity until someone decides to put it back in the market. Or some new startup sees a chance to innovate while moving fast and breaking things.


I don't think there's any clause in US bonds that lets the US pay back the debt to avoid future coupon payments, like there is with a mortgage.

However, since there's an open market for t bills, the treasury could buy back a certain number of bonds that people are willing to sell.

However it's not quite the same. The only reason that problem don't calculate the cost of the mortgage over time is that they are more concerned with asset values, not because it's better accounting.


> you will not owe the full amount of the accrued interest

Yes, you will. "accrued interest" is "unpaid interest as of the time of ___"; at the moment you sell the house you will have paid all of the interest up to that moment.

There's no early-payment penalty on mortgages, as of the last many decades; maybe that's what you mean?


I have early payment penalties on my mortgage. Would love it if there weren’t. I’m in Canada.


ugh. sorry to hear it - didn't realize that Canada was still up to those tricks


"The resale value of a second-hand war" is a fantastic phrase! It sounds like a Neil Young lyric. Nicely done.


As a mechanical engineering intern in the early ‘90s, I worked for a company that among other things, designed food handling equipment for McD. For them a lot of automation is about safety - young/inexperienced employees around potentially dangerous equipment = workers comp claims. I helped develop a fully automated pushbutton system to change fryer oil out from a bulk storage/disposal system. They had a lot of burn claims from teenagers changing it manually back then.


I’ve been using Yandex more and more. Better search results, less censorship. Thanks, Rooskies!


Yandex reminds me of what Google was like in the early 2010s. It just gives me the results of the search term I put in.

Google increasingly thinks it knows better than me what I'm looking for.


I just 3D printed a little clip that holds the scroll lock key down. Or, there’s always the mechanical or electronic mouse jigglers you can buy off of Amazon.


Just a reminder, Viasat and their partner Ligado Networks (Formerly Lightsqared, remember them?) are a clear and present danger to the continued operability and reliability of the GPS constellation. https://www.gps.gov/spectrum/lightsquared/


Newer version of the same page: https://www.gps.gov/spectrum/ligado/


Excel 97 had a rudimentary flight simulator game as an easter egg.


European society exists today, but experienced societal collapse at the time, which extended for hundreds of years. Y'know, the Dark Ages?


The Dark Ages were before the Black Death...


Not related to the game, but travel protip: pre-request the “Asian Vegetarian” meal option whenever available. It’s frequently prepared by a local restaurant rather than some giant megaindustrial catering supplier. It could also mean you are eating some cold lentil curry dish for breakfast on Air France, so ymmv. I’d rather have that than microwaved scrambled eggs any day.


My car does this and it's annoying as crap. Luckily it is easily disabled. Audi calls it GALA - "Graduated Audio Level Adjustment."


In my VW it's linked to the car speed and I would not want to give this away. Turning the volume up and down when entering the highway or a slow stretch was really annoying on my old car.


I would think the best version would just be a button you push when you want to adjust the volume to a “reasonable” level. I agree that continuously varying the volume would be annoying.


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