> What are the actual consequences of the globe warming by 2 degrees instead of 1.5 degrees?
IPCC SR1.5 [0] deals with this question. Figure SPM.2 [1] is probably a good place to start for a quick look, and the summary for policymakers has 4 pages (part B) that all seem directly related to your question.
Of the countries with data for fatalities per billion vehicle-km (not that many), the US (at 7.3) is equal to Belgium, lower than Czech Republic (11.5) and high than the 13 other European countries. In addition, counting fatalities per distance travelled will make driving less look like it has no safety benefits even though fewer people actually die. If we look at fatalities per capita instead (to attempt to adjust for country size, but not policies and behaviour) the US rate is 33% higher than Europe, more than twice as high as Canada and most of Western Europe and 4.5x Norway.
Compared to its peers, the US really doesn't have a low fatality rate.
Oslo has six electric buses in use right now, and will add 70 more by next summer so electric is absolutely an option, but this is a pretty recent development. Much like Denmark none of the major parties here want to actually enforce the 2025 "ban" on fossil fuel cars either, so we can't really expect anything to happen to buses either (at the national level). On the local level the public transit in the Oslo metro area is planning to be fossil fuel free in 2020 and zero emission in 2028.
The space station orbit is inclined at 51 degrees so the ground track goes as far north as London and almost all the way to the southern tip of South-America. The earth also rotates roughly 23 degrees per orbit, so eventually it passes within 10-15 degrees of most places between 60 and -60 degrees latitude.
IPCC SR1.5 [0] deals with this question. Figure SPM.2 [1] is probably a good place to start for a quick look, and the summary for policymakers has 4 pages (part B) that all seem directly related to your question.
[0] https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/
[1] https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/chapter/spm/b/spm2/