I've been using the somewhat annoying term "art music" instead of classical music to unpack carefully and artistically crafted music from music purely for commercial entertainment / not intended for close critique. The instruments used largely don't matter -- Chopin is indeed beautiful in certain chip tune arrangements. I'll make a slight digression here though by asserting that keeping live performers in the loop adds an additional unreplaceable layer to the music, since the performer then gets to interpert the original music and highlight new patterns within the music.

Unfortunately I don't know specific books to learn this appreciation (although I know there are excellent ones out there) -- I was raised in this tradition and absorbed it through violin lessons, practice on my instrument, theory class, history class, and listening to a lot of classical music.