My examples were short term benefits. Once the transit fares are not cheap anymore, or the maid service stops, then the benefit goes away. But people still had a short term benefit.
Digging holes and filling them has zero economic benefit. That is the difference.
Providing a service that is not sustainable will have more negative long term effects than digging holes. Digging holes is just a means of transferring cash to the hole diggers, creating a service that people start to use will create negative externalities once removed (people take jobs further from where they live because the cost of transport is lower, or all alternative transport services like taxis go out of business). If the externalities are greater than the short term benefit then the overall economic benefit will be negative.
I see a price war that results in a loss of transport competitors as being long term negative. This doesn’t exist with hole digging.
Digging holes and filling them has zero economic benefit. That is the difference.