The default encryption on Ubuntu, if you select 'Encrypt my home folder' during setup, uses ecryptfs on your home folder, and cryptswap for swap. For some reason, /tmp/ isn't encrypted by default as far as I can tell.
AFAIK the main benefit is: if you want to run a multi-user or headless system, you need the network stack brought up before a password is entered - which home directory encryption provides and FDE can't.
AFAIK the main benefit is: if you want to run a multi-user or headless system, you need the network stack brought up before a password is entered - which home directory encryption provides and FDE can't.