Presented graphically here: http://i.imgur.com/xMyblyM.png

Though the graphic, like this post, doesn't talk much about elf segments.

Its part of a awesome talk on file formats from the ccc.

Not sure what "the ccc" is (if it's not "corkami") but your comment and parent's led me to finding this treasure-trove of format visualizations:

https://github.com/corkami/pics/blob/master/binary/README.md

Lots of good stuff here!

"the ccc" usually refers to "The Chaos Computer Club"

Chaos Computer Club

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos_Computer_Club

Even more from scratch (e.g. without using elf.h) and also for Win and Mac: http://www.hanshq.net/making-executables.html

A Magnetized Needle and a Steady Hand:

http://nullprogram.com/blog/2016/11/17/

(when all you've got is `echo', and presumably `cat')

Also of interest: http://www.muppetlabs.com/~breadbox/software/tiny/teensy.htm... "A Whirlwind Tutorial on Creating Really Teensy ELF Executables for Linux"