I believe so, yes - definitely at least to transmit from earth to the satellite, according to some of the satellite providers I've worked with.

Probably similar to however the licensing for satellite phones works.

It's weird on a country by country basis. For example it is technically illegal to bring a handheld Iridium phone into India without a special license.

No, you need to get authorisation to launch a payload based on where your company is headquartered.

I'm assuming the parent was asking if licenses are required to provide service to people in other countries.

The linked site is for the FCC giving them permission to launch and operate the service. They may need individual licenses to operate in each country but I answered in the context of the submitted post. This article

https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2018/03/california-startup-accuse...

Also provides more context, this company launched from outside the US but as a US company they needed authorization from the FCC for the payload and operating.

Does that mean, once you have a satellite in orbit, you can transmit anything into any country?

Most likely you'll need to buy spectrum wherever you plan to do this.

So you do need a license from every country?