I'm glad you asked this question, and you worded it so well. I'm in the exact same position and I was having trouble articulating my frustration. I've done some Khan Academy but it's not congruent with my learning style I guess, I'd like to find the right textbook for me.
The comment you replied to received loads of responses, and many of the answers ignored the actual request, and plugged their favorite math books instead. In case you missed it, there was at least one suggestion that gave a real answer to the question: 'Basic Mathematics' by Serge Lang[1]. It's a streamlined but somewhat dry textbook that starts with the properties of arithmetic and ends with precalculus. You might try reading through the table of contents to get a better idea of whether or not it will solve your problem!
Khan Academy has a lot of nice things going for it, but it seems like there's a lot more presentation than there is practice. I don't care about the gamification of learning. The practice problems, of which there are only a few, are wrapped up into an interactive UX. I just want a bunch of problems and solutions that I can work through.
Thanks for the recommendations, obviously the title of your book appeals to me. I will check them out.