> The former will always be more expensive than the other, and always be further capacity constrained.
Yes. But it's also much faster. This creates new opportunities. Rail freight is not replacing sea or air freight, it's supplementing it.
Expensive but faster freight means that heavy but valuable items can be delivered faster. Heavy Air freight (>100 kg) typically costs 15-20 percent of the value of the goods. Rail wright can be expected to cost 5-10 percent easily, more for items weighing more than 1000 kg. That's value created by the rail.
Yes. But it's also much faster. This creates new opportunities. Rail freight is not replacing sea or air freight, it's supplementing it.
Expensive but faster freight means that heavy but valuable items can be delivered faster. Heavy Air freight (>100 kg) typically costs 15-20 percent of the value of the goods. Rail wright can be expected to cost 5-10 percent easily, more for items weighing more than 1000 kg. That's value created by the rail.