Smalltalk's "method cascading" (the `;` operator) did roughly that. I don't think you're forking an entire sequence of methods though, it just allows performing operations on the same root object e.g.

    a foo
    ; bar
    ; baz

would sequentially send "foo", "bar" then "baz" to "a", then would return the result of the last call.

The ability to fork iterators (which may be the semantics you're actually interested in) also exists in some languages e.g. Python (itertools.tee) or Rust (some iterators are clonable)