If you know what you need to do you can only split the tasks to a certain granularity without losses. But if you don't know what you need to do, then you can have large number of independent teams trying different things with no penalty.

So, you think science one big problem that we’re trying to solve?

Personally, I’d say it’s more like millions of smaller problems.

It's not clear that doubling the research funding from the NIH results in twice as much qualitative output. That's all I mean.