MIDI will often be used to trigger the console to change cues which then uses DMX512 to control the lights.

Yep, am using QLC+ at the moment and it has profiles for all sorts of midi controllers. https://www.qlcplus.org/

DMX is standard for lighting, but although the actual protocol is rock solid the parts around it are no where near as good as MIDI. Device to device is fine, but USB DMX controllers are expensive and rubbish in my experience using them to control a ~100 piece (dumb) lighting rig

That's DMX512.