I don't think so. The APIs that Cambridge Analytica were taking advantage of were available long before GDPR became enforceable and are most likely illegal under GDPR because they allowed third parties access to your personal information without your consent - where it was a friend of yours who consented to revealing their information, Facebook would also reveal some information about you.

The Wikipedia article actually details all this quite well in the fourth paragraph (obviously without reference to GDPR): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_Analytica