The solution will be a confluence of technologies.
* Wind and solar, over-provisioned, will supply the generation.
* Batteries will provide peak-shifting and frequency maintenance.
* Grid upgrades / HVDC will even out regional variation in generation due to weather while flattening the duck curve.
* Variable pricing will lead to more even demand curves, both from residential BEV usage and industrial strategies for cost optimization.
The pessimist's case for a non-renewable economy are just hopeless at this point. All of this stuff exists now, is competitive now, and will only be getting better. It will take time to build out, but the economics are impossible to ignore.
* Wind and solar, over-provisioned, will supply the generation.
* Batteries will provide peak-shifting and frequency maintenance.
* Grid upgrades / HVDC will even out regional variation in generation due to weather while flattening the duck curve.
* Variable pricing will lead to more even demand curves, both from residential BEV usage and industrial strategies for cost optimization.
The pessimist's case for a non-renewable economy are just hopeless at this point. All of this stuff exists now, is competitive now, and will only be getting better. It will take time to build out, but the economics are impossible to ignore.