the simple solution is for cell phones to have a whitelist of cell towers that they connect to with GPS locations of those towers, it could even compare against known databases of towers [0]... Until some software like that gets implemented, this will keep happening.
great idea...I wonder if a 3rd party app could enable this or if that type of access is currently closely held? I'd only consider software that has super low level hardware access so you could basically control electrical access to that part of the phone's circuitry (so backdoor features can't be built that make sneaky connections).
[0] https://opencellid.org/