In addition to the (great) framework you listed, there is another big factor - incentives. You may be aligned in principles, have the same info etc. but if your incentives are misaligned it can be hard to agree.
Thanks for this comment - mirrors my thought/question. I think the understanding incentivisation is hugely important in understanding human behaviour and choices, and this seemed an obvious omission.
However, I was trying to process whether incentives are essentially part of your principles? i.e. if an incentive to do something against your principles is so strong that it wins out, doesn't that mean you've effectively abandoned (or changed) your principles along the way?
I think disagreement on incentives plays out as how prioritized something is viewed. I may agree that something is wrong, but not worth it for me to fix during a weekend because I don't get paid overtime for it. As an example.