Kind of. OS X uses the userspace and maybe some pieces of the kernel (like the network stack) but never used the BSD kernel wholesale. AFAIK, it doesn’t have jails.

Apple's preference for kernel-mediated containment is sandboxing, which is finer-grained and operates on applications as the unit. This is probably better aligned with their general focus on user-facing devices, although the granularity gets messy imo and overall the guarantees are weaker.