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The resource curse is another major hindersnce.

Countries with both a large, long-term energy-export sector (that is, oil) and a significant high-end industrial base are ... rare.

The US and Norway come to mind. Few others.

The US was the first country to the oil game, Norway one of the last. And Norway's industrial capacity ain't tremendous, but does exist.

The UK had already fallen enough by the time North Sea oil came online, and its economic policy was sufficiently poor, that it didn't recover.

Most major industrial countries have, or had, a large coal resource. Japan being a notable exception.

Saudi Arabia, Venezuela, Russia (mostly), Nigeria, Iran, Libya, Indonesia: little industry.

Even in the US, oil states (Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, California, Alaska) tend not to be heavy-industry states (CA being the possible exception). Those were Michigan, Pennsylvania, New York, Ohio, Illinois, mostly, old rust belt.



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