I would guess there are quite a few filesystems lost in history. My personal favorite will be the Newton's Soups. A modern version with replication would be amazing.
A VMS programmer in the late 80's told me the current direction the industry was moving towards made him sick to his stomach. Microsoft's FAT was one thing. But POSIX was the real trash.
VMS had four different file types out of the box: serial with carriage-return carriage control, serial with FORTRAN carriage control, random-access, and ISAM (indexed-sequential access model). Three of those worked as well from a bank of open-reel TM03 devices or TU-58 carts as they did from a cluster of DECNET drives.
You could, of course, extend those models by plugging in to the rab$, fab$, and xab$ layers or write your own from scratch using the sys$ layer.
Unix, in contrast, had only the random-access file model. You could use just that file model to build any of the other types in userspace, but to talk to a tape drive you had to use the tape archive (tar) utility.
It's just the usual tradeoff about where you draw the line between a solution and a tool.
The headlined article is primarily about things that have been forgotten. ODS hasn't been forgotten. Much of it exists pretty much as-is in NTFS, with just some names changed.
