Most discs were rated to format to 80 tracks but some you could format with 81 or 82 and IIRC even 84 on some.
Then there was sectors, which was common to have 8, though again you could with better quality discs (quality did get better ahead of the standards) you could go with 9 sectors and higher - https://www-user.tu-chemnitz.de/~heha/basteln/PC/usbfloppy/f....
Of course, you could think of it as over-clocking - was no guarantee you get that extra capacity, and the early days - it was really luck, but like most things, quality improves and such avenues of formatting became more accessible.
Then there was sectors, which was common to have 8, though again you could with better quality discs (quality did get better ahead of the standards) you could go with 9 sectors and higher - https://www-user.tu-chemnitz.de/~heha/basteln/PC/usbfloppy/f....
Of course, you could think of it as over-clocking - was no guarantee you get that extra capacity, and the early days - it was really luck, but like most things, quality improves and such avenues of formatting became more accessible.