The article doesn't explains what EFE is well.
The ELI5 of MOND is that acceleration due to gravity works in a non-linear the result is that the actual force may be weaker or stronger than what you would expect with Newtonian mechanics.
Because of this there are a few scenarios that may validate MOND or at least post Newtonian/GR physics where G is no longer a constant but needs to be modified based on specific predictions of MOND.
If 'time' is not continuous and gravity and other effects share 'time quanta' then the more gravity from any source a thing experiences the less of other change can occur - just like time dilation where your 'time quanta' would be consumed for positional change with fewer remaining for other changes.
Then it wouldn't be that the systems are orbiting more slowly, or gravity is no longer constant, but that time itself is actually slower for them.
So is it like in a boardgame with a maximum number of actions per turn? If you use all your actions for movement you reach the maximum speed in the game (speed of light here) but you can't do anything else (produce, consume, buy, sell, etc.)
I'm sure actual physicists have a thousand observations that prove it's not a possible explanation.
But to me the concept is interesting in that it explains why there's time dilation, reference frames, warping of space, relativity, MOND, etc without any magic - epicycles that only exist from the viewpoint of speed of light being the center of the universe. They can never be reconciled with quantum if they don't actually exist.
Because of this there are a few scenarios that may validate MOND or at least post Newtonian/GR physics where G is no longer a constant but needs to be modified based on specific predictions of MOND.