Python and Ruby only work on the Python and Ruby interpreters, respectively, and those require an OS-specific way to install them. They work on multiple OSes and architectures as well as JavaScript or HTML.
Go and Rust work only on a very very limited set of OSes and architectures. That's fine if you're targeting one of those, but it turns out the vast majority of computers in the world are not vanilla rice-pudding desktop systems or vanilla rice-pudding desktop systems adapted for the server room. The argument that some other tool solves a limited set of problems with your tool in a limited and limiting way is a poor one if you're trying to promote a universal solution.
Java runs on many platforms (and billions of devices as Sun used to love to point out), yet packaging and dependency management are pretty much solved problems.
Where there's a will, there's a way. In the C/C++ community there's no will. It's time they admit that to themselves and everyone else.
But it's not necessarily centralized, Java package management tools can use many third party repositories, if needed, and can also use proxy/cache/mirror systems where for example a company can point all their package manager just to their official company repo and everything goes through it.
BTW, Java's not interpreted, it's compiled. Just not to native code.
