It depends on state. In Kansas, it is 180 days if out on bail, or 90 if held. Note this does not include time before you are arraigned. In some states it does (personally, speedy trial should include the time before you are arraigned, so that the state is forced to hurry up and deal with cases or dismiss them).

I'm unsure about federal guidelines. I think many states have laws that could be challenged in federal court, and their de facto behavior most certainly can, if you have money.