> That is not supported by the research. See https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/1468075.1468077 for one summary of several papers comparing batch vs. online computing.

Of course the 10 000X is skewed heavily by the presumption of a 2 week turnaround time.

But I also think people who haven't experienced anything close to batch programming don't appreciate how much you could do on paper. I used to bring printouts of code to school with me so I could work on my programs during free periods and breaks, and it was highly productive, though of course not comparable to sitting in front of the computer.