Not true, only the most efficient and market driven solutions are based around pigeovian taxes. Plenty of inferior solutions involve onerous regulations or huge subsidies, but because republicans pop a new blood vessel whenever they hear about climate taxes the inferior solutions are the only ones that are politically palatable right now.
Most of the world doesn't have "republicans", we just don't want to pay an ever increasing amount of taxes on everything that will be wasted by corrupt politicians. The government can absorb any amount of taxes and very little of it is spent in a way that I approve of. We already have to give over 65% of what we make to the government, I want nothing more than to be left alone.
carbon taxes under most systems are revenue neutral. Here in Canada, most people recieve more back then they payed in, because the highest income brackets emit disproportionately.
When I buy energy produced by coal, and the coal emissions contribute to children contracting asthma, my transaction is creating external costs that I don't pay. These negative externalities are unjust and inefficient. Pigouvian taxes such as a carbon tax work to price in the cost of these negative externalities, thereby changing behavior to reduce that form of injustice.