Generally it is just called "vegetarian meat" (素肉) and is made from a mixture of potato-like tubers, beans, and wheat, with various spices to give it flavor. There are even a few restaurants in the US that serve it, for example Yuan Fu Vegetarian in Rockville, MD (Washington DC suburb)

Here's an article from several years ago that talks about the tradition https://www.economist.com/1843/2018/07/02/china-the-birthpla...

That's awesome, thank you! I somehow never encountered it (or maybe I did without knowing what I was eating).