Go debugging is nearly the exact same experience as Python. GoLand (from JetBrains ... same folks that make Pycharm) or VSCode with delve debugger work flawlessly.
I don't think there is any difference between Go and Python when it comes to debugging. Support for both is widespread and high-quality.
You don't really need a REPL with an IDE, you have excellent auto-complete which shows you the API (which is what I use the Python REPL for) and are unless you're writing pure framework code (or mapping etc - in which case integration testing gives more bang for the buck) then you're probably writing unit tests. I use a continuous test runner for those as the feedback is amazing.
I don't think there is any difference between Go and Python when it comes to debugging. Support for both is widespread and high-quality.