Here’s what a Long Tail business model looks like in video games:
Start working on an indie game. Along the way, record Unity tutorials to begin building an audience. Post some texture packs to the Unity asset store, then some level packs, then some rigged and animated characters. Share some footage of test gameplay. Start getting audience feedback and fans. Release plot notes on the web. Maybe turn some of that into books (Infinity Blade) on Kindle & iPad, where the cost to publish is zero. Release the full base game as an open beta, but charge for it. Release the final base game at a low price or as free to play. Charge for DLC (Civ VI, StarLink) or skins (Rocket League, Fortnite), or a single player campaign (Halo). Twitch stream your gameplay. Once your graphics are awesome, make a movie (Final Fantasy).
Why are none of the examples you mention remotely close to being indie games? Those are clearly not what a Long Tail business model looks like in video games. That Infinity Blade novella was written by Brandon Sanderson.
My goal was to illustrate the arc, from indie bootstrap to AAA success. I don’t recall Chair as a AAA studio in 2010. The development of PUBG, which began as a mod of another game, might be a better example.
I did messed up here by mixing concepts from “Free” in with the concepts from “Long Tail”. I went back and re-read the Long Tail article from WIRED and edited my patent comment above to correct that error.
Start working on an indie game. Along the way, record Unity tutorials to begin building an audience. Post some texture packs to the Unity asset store, then some level packs, then some rigged and animated characters. Share some footage of test gameplay. Start getting audience feedback and fans. Release plot notes on the web. Maybe turn some of that into books (Infinity Blade) on Kindle & iPad, where the cost to publish is zero. Release the full base game as an open beta, but charge for it. Release the final base game at a low price or as free to play. Charge for DLC (Civ VI, StarLink) or skins (Rocket League, Fortnite), or a single player campaign (Halo). Twitch stream your gameplay. Once your graphics are awesome, make a movie (Final Fantasy).