If life was fair then Microsoft would choose a different name.
However, Microsoft has a team of lawyers and have been known to go after other tech products to protect their trademarks and copyrights.
Devbox is an awesome tool. If it becomes popular enough, I would not be surprised if it attracts unwanted legal attention. (Sadly, it has happened to other tools and products.)
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/dev-box/overview-what...
I am not sure if they would send a cease-and-desist, but you might want to consider a new name for this tool.