I had another issue with iCloud and photo syncing being abysmally slow, and I ended up digging through LinkedIn and I found the director of engineering for photos at Apple. I messaged that person through LinkedIn, and ended up getting some very senior tech support people who helped go through my issues with me. I hesitate to post contact info, but just saying... it's possible if you are polite and can clearly articulate the issue to get someone like that to help really escalate the support.
If I upload photos on, say, icloud.com, it'll turn up on my devices days later.
In 2022, that shouldn't be categorised as merely slow when it is basically broken.
This is a well-known issue with thousands and thousands of posts on various forums, with the usual answers of "Have you tried turning it off and on again?".
The photo sync functionality is probably the most broken part of the Apple ecosystem that I've encountered, and this security issue just proves my suspicions.