Folders seem unlikely to use up a significant number of inodes compared to the messages. As for messages, how many users do you expect to serve from each mail server? I think you'll hit the limits of whatever service you want to provide before you hit the limit of inodes in your mail store.
(Or you could always encrypt each email and throw it at an object storage system similar to S3. ;) )
(Or you could always encrypt each email and throw it at an object storage system similar to S3. ;) )