You mention renewables and especially solar as a contributing factor to these negative prices when combined with capacity constraints. Can you explain how this works?
A PV installation can easily start and stop production as long as the sun is shining, right? Then it seems like PV producers should bid to produce as much as possible whenever the price is positive, and not produce anything whenever the price is negative. Is this how they operate, and if so, how does this contribute to negative prices and not just to bringing the price towards 0?
Certainly for wind operators in the UK, there is a "contract for difference" payment process such that they are not paid the spot price. Instead they're paid a guaranteed price within a range (i.e. the difference between the spot price and a benchmark). And there will be an agreement in place that if they're not allowed to export this power they will be paid for "curtailment".
A PV installation can easily start and stop production as long as the sun is shining, right? Then it seems like PV producers should bid to produce as much as possible whenever the price is positive, and not produce anything whenever the price is negative. Is this how they operate, and if so, how does this contribute to negative prices and not just to bringing the price towards 0?