I've been meaning to read up on Frank Ramsey, an early 20th century philosopher, mathematician, and economist, who first postulated that people's actions are determined by the balance between their expectations and their desires. A world built on probability would be up his alley, I imagine.
Ramsey is one of those great what-ifs in my mind - just seeing his intellectual output and knowing he died at 26...what would he have given us if he lived a normal life span?