That's not quite how I remember it. The early web was dominated by user authoring tools like FrontPage, Netscape Composer and Dreamweaver. Then you could publish to sites using FTP or WebDAV. Many ISPs provided a bit of web space for people as part of the default offer. And it worked - the early web was full of self hosted websites about all kinds of niche topics with relatively unique designs and which were thematically organized.
A few things broke this model.
One is that the web page design tools struggled to incorporate any kind of dynamism or collaboration. They were fine for as long as you had a website with a single author. The moment you wanted to have multiple people working on it simultaneously, or you wanted to add comments / ads / hit counters / guest books, the best you could do was stuff for programmers like PHP and version control systems.
Another is that the visual design tools weren't very good. Dreamweaver was by far the best, but expensive, and it was still amazingly annoying and hard to get a visual design that didn't look like amateur trash.
Yet another is that the web didn't have good tools for thematic design, and figuring out a good site layout was hard, refactoring even harder. Even things as obvious as a consistent navbar were hard because there wasn't good support for static site rendering and HTML doesn't have an include tag. People hacked it up with framesets for a while but that didn't work well either.
Finally, connecting your website address to your ISP meant if you wanted to switch to a better internet offer your website would disappear which was unacceptable, so in practice people wanted independent providers, and they needed to use ads to make money, which in turn meant that you hit the limits of the WYSIWYG editors that didn't really understand ads and which iterated, maybe if you were lucky, once every few years.
Into this void stepped yes, Geocities, but primarily WordPress. It supported dynamic features, it understood ads, it iterated fast, it had decent looking themes, it said "don't bother with organizing stuff, just keep a diary" and all that massively lowered the barrier to entry for web publishing. Later sites like MySpace and Facebook provided a kind of WordPress-lite and gained success from that, Twitter made it even more minimal and gained even more success, and then finally Instagram took away the obligation to even have anything to say at all and had even more success than that.
So the trend here has only partly been about tools. It's clearly not true that people only want to consume content, the entire success of social media and YouTube revolves around the massively huge desire to create and publish. It's done via centralized platforms for the same reason everything else is: they can move fast, they can raise and make money, they can hire the smartest and hardest working people to build them because there's some real chance of reward. Decentralized systems by and large can't do these things.
WYSIWYG tools came a bit later. GeoCities in '94, FrontPage in '95, Dreamweaver in '97.
They were also _much_ less popular. There were millions of GeoCities sites, while FrontPage was a niche tool, even after Microsoft bought it in '96.
Like you said, these tools weren't good enough. They produced a mess of content that was limited in features and difficult to maintain, but more importantly, they were still reserved for a technical audience. You still needed to know what a web host was, how to use FTP, etc. They were woefully insufficient, even compared to publishing services.
> Many ISPs provided a bit of web space for people as part of the default offer.
I'm not sure if "many" is correct. Certainly _some_ did, but the largest ones like AOL and CompuServe in the US didn't, AFAIK.
WordPress came much later when the web was already established. And it was also largely a technical tool.
But WYSIWYG tools shouldn't have existed either. Like publishing services, they are a response to a feature the web didn't have. People certainly have a need to produce content, but the barrier to do so was so high, that most flocked to services like GeoCities, and later social media, to fulfill this need.
If producing content was as easy as consuming it was in the early web, i.e. if we had an analogous tool to the web browser for publishing, the way the web developed and the modern web would've been much different, and arguably for the better. Nontechnical users eventually learned to use the web browser, and they would've learned the web "creator" as well.
Unfortunately that opportunity has passed, and we can't re-educate people to use a different web than the one they're already used to. At least I'm pessimistic that any of these decentralized projects will gain any mainstream traction.
> It's done via centralized platforms for the same reason everything else is: they can move fast, they can raise and make money, they can hire the smartest and hardest working people to build them because there's some real chance of reward.
None of these are advantages. Centralized platforms _require_ these things because running a centralized service at scale is incredibly complex. Most of the problems these platforms deal with is precisely because of the complexity of scale.
Yet if the web model reused the inherent decentralized model of the internet, scaling a centralized service wouldn't be a problem. Protocols like BitTorrent have solved content distribution that doesn't rely on a centralized server. Had this model been adopted from the start, none of the modern centralized platforms would have a need to exist.
> Unfortunately that opportunity has passed, and we can't re-educate people to use a different web than the one they're already used to. At least I'm pessimistic that any of these decentralized projects will gain any mainstream traction.
This doesnt ring true. The web becomes more disruptable by the day. Familiarity with various aspects of technology is diffusing in various parts of society. The hypes (crypto, AI etc) are conditioning people to accept that "stuff is happening". They wont switch for another social platform. They may not wear goggles in the billions. But they will try tangible proposals.
The real problem is that there is no assurance the "disruption" will a positive one.
No matter how bad we think about the situation somebody can find a way to make it worse.
A few things broke this model.
One is that the web page design tools struggled to incorporate any kind of dynamism or collaboration. They were fine for as long as you had a website with a single author. The moment you wanted to have multiple people working on it simultaneously, or you wanted to add comments / ads / hit counters / guest books, the best you could do was stuff for programmers like PHP and version control systems.
Another is that the visual design tools weren't very good. Dreamweaver was by far the best, but expensive, and it was still amazingly annoying and hard to get a visual design that didn't look like amateur trash.
Yet another is that the web didn't have good tools for thematic design, and figuring out a good site layout was hard, refactoring even harder. Even things as obvious as a consistent navbar were hard because there wasn't good support for static site rendering and HTML doesn't have an include tag. People hacked it up with framesets for a while but that didn't work well either.
Finally, connecting your website address to your ISP meant if you wanted to switch to a better internet offer your website would disappear which was unacceptable, so in practice people wanted independent providers, and they needed to use ads to make money, which in turn meant that you hit the limits of the WYSIWYG editors that didn't really understand ads and which iterated, maybe if you were lucky, once every few years.
Into this void stepped yes, Geocities, but primarily WordPress. It supported dynamic features, it understood ads, it iterated fast, it had decent looking themes, it said "don't bother with organizing stuff, just keep a diary" and all that massively lowered the barrier to entry for web publishing. Later sites like MySpace and Facebook provided a kind of WordPress-lite and gained success from that, Twitter made it even more minimal and gained even more success, and then finally Instagram took away the obligation to even have anything to say at all and had even more success than that.
So the trend here has only partly been about tools. It's clearly not true that people only want to consume content, the entire success of social media and YouTube revolves around the massively huge desire to create and publish. It's done via centralized platforms for the same reason everything else is: they can move fast, they can raise and make money, they can hire the smartest and hardest working people to build them because there's some real chance of reward. Decentralized systems by and large can't do these things.