An interesting result of how MtG handles infinite loops plus how it handles priority is that in a scenario where two players attempt to go infinite whoever gets to name their number last wins. And that most infinite loops are non-reloadable, in that when you stop repeating them, you can't restart them for free. I have seen a game that was lost because one player had an infinite life combo, named "a hundred trillion" and wrote their life total down on a piece of paper, and later in the game an opponent who had apparently mis-heard "a hundred billion" and didn't think to check only elected to repeat their infinite combo a trillion times.

So the moral of this story is, uh, always name Graham's number. Or don't because I'm not sure what a Judge is to do if two people name numbers so large that the Judge can't work out which one is bigger on a pocket calculator.

(I think that in a Comp REL game, in your scenario, the Goblin player should have won unless the combo was non-deterministic.)