Oracle didn't lose on fair use for all time, but they've effectively lost for now. They didn't defeat Google's fair use defense as a matter of fact (because the jury hung) and the judge refused to rule as a matter of law. Beyond a new trial or an appeal, what else could Oracle do?

Oh, that makes more sense I couldn't parse the article. So without a ruling then it has to be retried by a jury.

Alternatively, the judge can rule that APIs are not copyrightable, making the issue of fair use moot. I personally believe that this is what will happen, but it remains to be seen.