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From the 2017 study you linked to:

> The delayed use of epinephrine, identified as a significant feature in several reports of fatal food anaphylaxis, is perhaps the risk factor most amenable to modification. This has, in part, driven the widespread provision of epinephrine autoinjectors for the management of anaphylaxis, although controversy exists as to their use in less severe, nonanaphylactic allergic reactions.

Your logic seems to be "because anaphylactic deaths are low, epipens generally aren't useful". It may be true that they're used too often - knowing what to do in the moment when your kid is swelling up, having trouble breathing, throwing up, or passing out, especially if they're very young or not verbal, is a challenge and an experience I don't wish on anyone. But the way I interpret the data is that anaphylactic deaths are low precisely because epipens are so commonly used and there is so much awareness and training around when/how to use them.



That could very well be! There's not any research I can find that says "people with access to epipens die at X rate and people without die Y rate" so we have to take the manufacturer's claims at face value.

Regardless of how we are achieving it, it's just something where my perceived overall risk was much higher than the actual data justified.




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