Reducing your assets to the point where you can get long-term care from Medicaid.
In the US, if you get into that situation Medicaid will first require that you "spend down your assets" before the state steps in and starts paying for certain types of care. And if you do something like give your house to your kids, if the time limits aren't right, the state could come looking for that house.
There are various planning options to reduce the impact from this, but you have to know to do it, and you have to execute on the plans well in advance.
(Updated original post, it's Medicaid that can clawback, Medicare does not. So if you die of turbo cancer it's taken care of, but if you die of dementia it's not.)
