The human retina effectively combines a color sensor with a monochrome sensor. The monochrome channel is more light-sensitive. When the lights are dim, we'll dilate our pupils, but there's only so much we can do to increase exposure. So in dim light we see mostly in grayscale, even if that light is strongly colored in spectral terms.
Phone cameras have a Bayer filter which means they only have RGB color-sensing. The Bayer filter cuts out some incoming light and dims the received image, compared with what a monochrome camera would see. But that's how you get color photos.
To compensate for a lack of light, the phone boosts the gain and exposure time until it gets enough signal to make an image. When it eventually does get an image, it's getting a color image. This comes at the cost of some noise and motion-blur, but it's that or no image at all.
If phone cameras had a mix of RGB and monochrome sensors like the human eye does, low-light aurora photos might end up closer to matching our own perception.
Phone cameras have a Bayer filter which means they only have RGB color-sensing. The Bayer filter cuts out some incoming light and dims the received image, compared with what a monochrome camera would see. But that's how you get color photos.
To compensate for a lack of light, the phone boosts the gain and exposure time until it gets enough signal to make an image. When it eventually does get an image, it's getting a color image. This comes at the cost of some noise and motion-blur, but it's that or no image at all.
If phone cameras had a mix of RGB and monochrome sensors like the human eye does, low-light aurora photos might end up closer to matching our own perception.