Sure, but if you really did find a way to double your productivity, you can probably find a way to translate that into significantly higher income although probably not right away.
This is probably true, but if we are talking about climbing the corporate ladder here...that is primarily done through peacocking to management and networking well enough to get to the next rung, not through being very productive. If you are a 10x employee, why would a company want to elevate you out of that and into management?
But if you're going a different, more self-starter focused path, income opportunities should be increased, yes.