Network coding is more than that, participants in the graph can synthesize new parts on the fly from parts they just got without having the whole thing.
FWIW, freenet at least uses fec-coded files so that you can have some flexibility in what parts you get and durability against a file becoming broken just because a single part gets lost.
and usenet binaries with https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parchive and even earlier with RAR's recovery block, and probably even earlier with BBSes, but my memory is failing me what I was using before it in the 1990s.
edit: I see immediately below while I was composing this, someone mentioned pararchive..
FWIW, freenet at least uses fec-coded files so that you can have some flexibility in what parts you get and durability against a file becoming broken just because a single part gets lost.